首次咨询中心理咨询师的言语反应类型  

Categories of Counselors' Verbal Responses During the First Counseling Session

作　　者：贾晓明[1] 师思[1] 周玥[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第5期1261-1266,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：本研究旨在探索心理咨询师在首次咨询中言语反应类型。研究选择4位在高校从事心理咨询的咨询师作为研究对象,对首次咨询录像进行文本分析。结果:咨询师在首次咨询中的言语反应类型按反应功能和效果分为设置性反应、倾听性反应、跟进性反应和影响性反应;4种反应类型共由25种子类别组成;不同咨询师在首次咨询中均使用了4种反应类型。结论:持续使用倾听性反应有利于后续咨询的维持;影响性反应的过度使用导致首次咨询后来访者易脱落。The current research aimed to explore the categories of counselors＂ verbal responses during the first counseling session, es- pocially the characteristics of the counselors＂ verbal responses in Chinese culture. The research was a qualitative study based on the discovery -oriented psychotherapy research developed by Mahrer （1992）. We collected first - session videotapes of four counselors at a university counseling service. All counselors were female and obtained their masters degrees in counseling psychology. Their mean age was 28 years old, from 24.5 to 31.5, and their counseling experience ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 years. The clients were freshmen and sophomores （ three males and one female）. In this study, we conducted an explo- ration of category analysis. Prior to categorizing, typed transcriptions of the four sessions were divided into 241 response units. After coding these response units, we obtained 25 concept categories. Based on their functions, types and the circumstances in which they were used, the concept categories were classified into four core categories, which were a classification and coding system of counselors ~ verbal responses in Chinese culture constructed by this research. In addition, each session was split into three parts according to time （the initial 15 minutes, middle 20 minutes, and the last 15 minutes）. Then, we analyzed the changes of the four counselors＇verbal re- sponses in different parts of the first counseling sessions. The results ： （ 1 ） Based on the function and effects of the counselors verbal responses in the first counseling sessions, four main counselors＇verbal response categories were summarized, i.e. , setting response, listening response, follow - up response, and affecting response. （2） The four core categories of counselors＇verbal response included 25 subtypes, greetings/thanks, setting, empowerment, listening, encouragement, paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, regular summarizing, focusing, immediacy, self - disclosure, guidance,

关 键 词：首次咨询 心理咨询师 言语反应类型 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]