不同水氮条件对日光温室冬春茬黄瓜栽培氨挥发的影响  

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization in solar greenhouse soils in winter-spring cucumber cultivation

作　　者：李银坤[1,2] 梅旭荣[1] 武雪萍[2] 郝卫平[1] 陈敏鹏[1] 夏旭[1] 李昊儒[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第11期1413-1419,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100501);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(BSRF201003);国家自然科学基金项目(30871447);国际科技合作项目(2010DFA34420,2010DFB30550);中央级基本科研业务费项目(1610122012003)资助

摘　　要：通过设置不同灌水、施氮处理,采用通气法研究了温室土壤施肥带与非施肥带的氨挥发特征,探讨了节水灌溉、减量施氮处理与传统水氮处理土壤氨挥发的差异及其影响因素。结果表明,冬春季温室黄瓜土壤在氮肥基施7 d后出现氨挥发峰值,减施氮25%处理的氨挥发峰值比传统施氮处理降低18.2%~34.3%;追肥后,施肥带和非施肥带的氨挥发速率峰值分别在第1 d和第5 d出现,减施氮25%处理与传统施氮处理相比,氨挥发速率峰值降低12.3%~37.2%;节水灌溉处理与传统灌水处理相比,氨挥发峰值则提高3.9%~47.0%。土壤中铵态氮含量以及温度的升高可促进土壤的氨挥发,而土壤含水量则与氨挥发速率呈负相关。在黄瓜花期和初瓜期,施肥带的累计氨挥发量显著高于非施肥带,而初瓜期之后,施肥带与非施肥带的氨挥发无显著差异。整个黄瓜生育季的累计氨挥发量为11.4~26.6 kg.hm 2;与传统施氮和灌水处理相比,减施氮25%处理的累计氨挥发量可降低20.8%~22.2%,但节水灌溉处理的累计氨挥发量却有所增加,增加幅度为0~4.51%。适宜减少灌水和氮肥用量不会降低黄瓜产量,且可大幅度提高灌水和氮肥利用效率。Ammonia volatilization characteristics in fertilized and non-fertilized belts of greenhouse soils were investigated under different irrigation and nitrogen application treatments during winter-spring cucumber cultivation via the venting method.Also differences in ammonia volatilization among water-saving irrigation,reduced nitrogen treatment and traditional water/nitrogen treatments were analyzed and discussed.From the study,peak ammonia volatilization rate was on 7 days after basal fertilization in the solar greenhouse soil.Compared with traditional nitrogen treatment,the peak value for 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization dropped by 18.2%~34.3%.While peak ammonia volatilization rate was on the first day in the fertilization belt,it was on the fifth day in the non-fertilization belt after topdressing.Also compared with traditional treatments,the peak value for 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization also dropped by 12.3%~37.2% and that for water-saving irrigation treatment increased by 3.9%~47.0%.Ammonia volatilization and loss in the fertilization belt of greenhouse soils mainly occurred during cucumber blooming and initial fruiting periods,which were respectively 1.07~1.50 and 1.06~1.27 times those of the non-fertilization belt.No significant differences in ammonia volatilization and loss existed between fertilization and non-fertilization belts of greenhouse soils during cucumber full-fruit period and end-fruit periods.Ammonia volatilization rate increased with（0~10 cm） soil ammonium nitrogen content and improvement in（5 cm） soil temperature.However,a negative correlation existed between（0~10 cm） soil water content and ammonia volatilization rate.Cumulative ammonia volatilization was 11.4~26.6 kg.hm 2 during the entire cucumber growth season.Compared with traditional nitrogen and irrigation treatments,cumulative ammonia volatilization in the 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization dropped by 20.8%~22.2%.Also water-saving irrigation treatments concurrently improved cumulative ammonia volatilizat

关 键 词：日光温室 冬春季黄瓜 灌溉 氮肥 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] X592[农业科学—农业工程]