优秀游泳运动员临赛前情绪状态研究  

Research On Excellent Swimmers' Moods Before Competition

作　　者：宋耀伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院游泳教研室,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《安徽体育科技》2012年第5期58-61,共4页Journal of Anhui Sports Science

摘　　要：根据比赛发挥程度将31名优秀游泳运动员分为超常、正常、失常组,采用《赛前情绪量表-T》16×4简表在赛前2h、30min对运动员进行问卷调查,分析不同组别运动员赛前情绪状态差异,探索优秀游泳运动员赛前适宜比赛的情绪状态。结果表明:不同组别运动员赛前情绪状态存在差异;个体失败焦虑、躯体特质焦虑和特质自信相对敏感,与比赛发挥有一定联系,社会期待焦虑并非影响游泳运动员赛前情绪的敏感维度;游泳运动员临赛前应具备较高水平正确导向的自信,中等偏低的躯体特质焦虑、个体失败焦虑和社会期待焦虑;建议教练员重视心理训练和赛时心理调节。This study divided 31 excellent swimmers into 3 groups, out - performing, normal - performing and low- performing groups and then made a questionnaire towards the swimmers with 16 × 4 Table - T 2 hours and 20 minutes respectively before competition, analyzed the differentiation of their moods among the 3 groups, and thus figure out the proper moods for swimmers before competition. The results show that differ- ent groups have got different moods. Mental anxiety, physical anxiety and lack of confidence will affect the competition. The social- expectation anxiety does not rather affect the swimmers＇ sensitiveness dimension be- fore match. A swimmer should enjoy a high - level and proper - leading confidence, lower - than - average levd of physical anxiety, mental anxiety and social - expectation. This paper suggested coaches should focus on mental training and mental leverage during competition.

关 键 词：游泳 优秀运动员 赛前情绪状态 适宜比赛状态 调查 

分 类 号：G804.87[文化科学—运动人体科学]