动物性成熟启动的调控机理  

Regulation Mechanism of Puberty Onset in Animals

作　　者：韩威[1,2] 李慧芳[1] 朱云芬[1] 宋迟[1] 陶志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院家禽研究所,江苏扬州225125 [2]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2012年第5期98-101,共4页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201799);中国农业科学院家禽研究所青年基金项目(S037);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金;国家863计划项目(2011AA100305)

摘　　要：人类的性早熟表现为病理状态,而在动物上,性早熟则是一个在生产上具有重要价值的经济性状。动物性成熟启动是一个复杂的生物学过程,受下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控。"允许信号"和"发育时钟"传达了机体生长发育、能量平衡和环境变化信息,决定了性成熟启动前期处于休眠状态的GnRH神经元激活;GnRH神经元抑制性输入减少和兴奋性输入增加引发了高频GnRH脉冲分泌,促进配子形成和性类固醇激素分泌;类固醇激素又通过负反馈通路影响GnRH分泌并促进性行为。神经胶质细胞也参与了性成熟的启动,主要涉及生长因子家族、神经细胞粘合分子和神经接触蛋白。GnRH基因的表观遗传修饰变化可能在动物性成熟启动过程中发挥了重要作用。Precocious puberty was pathologic for humans,but was an important trait for animals.Onset of puberty was a complex biological process,and was under the control of HPG axis.Permissive signals and development clock provided the information on somatic growth,energy balance and environment changes,time the awakening of GnRH neurons that were quiescent during the prepubertal stage.The decrease in inhibition input and increase in excitation input led to high frequency GnRH pulse release,promoted the gametogenesis and gonadal steroid secretion.In turn,steroid hormones affected the GnRH release by negative feedback,and also promoted sexual behavior.In addition to GnRH neurons,the glial cells were also involved in puberty onset,mainly included growth factor families,the neural cell adhesion molecule and contactin.The epigenetic modulation of GnRH gene may play an important role in puberty onset.

关 键 词：性成熟启动 允许信号 发育时钟 类固醇激素 

分 类 号：S811.6[农业科学—畜牧学]