Kirchhoff型偏移理论的研究历史、研究现状与发展趋势展望——与光学绕射理论的类比、若干新结果、新认识以及若干有待于解决的问题  

The History,the State of the Art and the Future Trend of the Research of Kirchhoff-Type Migration Theory:A Comparison with Optical Diffraction Theory,Some New Results and New Understanding,and Some Problems to Be Solved

作　　者：孙建国[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,长春130026 [2]国土资源部应用地球物理综合解释理论开放实验室-波动理论与成像技术实验室,长春130026

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2012年第5期1521-1552,共32页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40574052;40374042;49874029;40437018);国家'973'计划项目(2007CB209603);高等学校博士学科点专项基金项目(97018705);教育部(原国家教委)回国启动基金项目(981303005);国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05025-001-05)

摘　　要：对Kirchhoff型偏移理论的研究历史、研究现状以及在今后一段时间内的发展趋势进行了简要的回顾和评述,并对加权函数、偏移孔径、子波拉伸、振幅畸变、垂向与横向分辨率等问题进行了相对详尽的讨论。还对若干有待于解决的问题进行了探讨,并对笔者在近几年内所取得的一些与Kirchhoff型偏移理论有关的新认识和新结果进行了介绍。为了充分地顾及反射地震成像和光学成像之间的渊源关系,采用了一种新的讨论方式,即首先对Kirchhoff绕射理论的主要内容进行概略的回顾,然后再通过类比的方式引入Kirchhoff型偏移成像的基本概念和基本方程。在过去的几十年中,在Kirchhoff型偏移理论研究方面已经取得了重大进展,一个完整的理论体系已经形成。尽管如此,仍有一些遗留的或新出现的理论问题有待于解决,例如加权等时面分布叠加偏移的输出场分析和模型空间中的最优偏移孔径等等。由于Kirchhoff型偏移理论的研究对象是加权绕射叠加而不是加权等时面分布,也由于GPU/CPU协同计算技术的出现已经使得加权绕射叠加的计算量问题不再形成瓶颈,所以在今后的发展中Kirchhoff型偏移在理论和实践上将达到统一,即将在实现上从加权等时面分布回归到加权绕射叠加。与此同时,在今后一个时期内的研究重点将会与Green函数的数学表述、局部相关反射信号(locally coherent events)的表示和处理、广义加权绕射叠加以及在模型空间中定义的最优偏移孔径等问题有关。I give a brief review of the history,the state of the art,and the future trend of the research of Kirchhoff-type migration theory.Also,I give somewhat detailed discussions on the weighting function,the migration aperture,the pulse stretching effect,the amplitude distortion phenomenon,and the vertical and lateral resolution of Kirchhoff-type migration.Furthermore,I pose some problems to be solved in the research of Kirchhoff migration theory,and present some new results and understanding I obtained in the investigation of Kirchhoff-type migration theory in recent years.To take the close connection between the seismic imaging and the optical imaging fully into account,I use a new way in my discussion,namely that I first present a short overview of Kirchhoff diffraction theory,and then introduce the basic concepts and equations of Kirchhoff-type migration by comparison.In the last several tens of years,significant progresses have been made in the study of Kirchhoff-type migration theory,and a complete theoretical system has been established.Nevertheless,there are still some old and new theoretical problems to be solved,such as the analysis of the output field of the stacking operation after isochrone distribution,and the optimal model space migration aperture,and so on.Considering the object of the theoretical investigation of Kirchhoff-type migration is the weighted diffraction stack,rather than the weighted isochrone distribution,and considering the GPU/CPU co-computing has made the large computation demand of diffraction stack no longer a bottleneck in its practical implementation,in future the way of practical implementation of Kirchhoff-type migration will become consistent with its theoretical description,i.e.,the implementation of Kirchhoff-type migration will return from isochrone distribution to diffraction stack.Also,the focal points of the theoretical investigation of Kirchhoff-type migration will relate to the following problems,namely the representation of Green＇s function,the migration of the locally

关 键 词：地震波 Kirchhoff型偏移理论 研究历史 研究现状 发展趋势 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]