建国初期党报开展“批评与自我批评”探析——以《解放日报》为例  

The Criticism and Self-Criticism in Party Newspapers in the Early People's Republic Period:The Case of Jiefang Ribao

作　　者：王晓梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2012年第5期4-18,109,共15页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目"建国初(1949-1955年)新闻事业发展研究"(项目批准号:09XXW001)成果之一

摘　　要：本文以《解放日报》为例,梳理了建国初期党报开展"批评与自我批评"的发展脉络,指出"批评与自我批评"既是党报工作的原则和内容,也是推动党改进工作的方法,还是党"联系群众、联系实际"的途径。详尽展现了《解放日报》在党领导下,通过揭批"黄逸峰事件",动员开展"批评与自我批评"的"群众运动"和进行"新三反运动"的全过程。笔者还分析了其中存在的一些疏失,这在一定程度上是由党报开展"批评与自我批评"的内在要求与"群众运动"逻辑某种程度的不相适应所致。由此指明,党报开展"批评与自我批评"必须坚持"实事求是、辩证分析"的原则,才能行使正确合理的批评,对党的工作和社会发展发挥积极作用。This study examines the development and the social context in which'Criticism and Self-Criticism'was practiced and promoted by major party newspapers during the early People's Republic period.By focusing on the case of Jiefang Ribao,the author argues that criticism and self-criticism not only served as the organizing principle and provided content for the party newspapers,but also a mean by which the Communist Party could improve its work.In addition, the ideology and methods of criticism and self-criticism coincided with the broader mission of the Party to stay in touch with the masses and with reality.Under the leadership of the party and through an extensive expose of the'Huang Yifeng Incident',Jiefang Ribao initiated the'criticism and self-criticism'movement as part of the Three-Anti Campaigns.While attempting to get rid of bureaucratic tendencies among some party members and cadres,some problems emerged as a result of the logical inconsistence between the newspaper-initiated criticism and self-criticism movement and the mass-based movement.The study shows that the party newspapers have to stick to the principle of'seeking truth from facts with dialectical analysis'if they are to practice rational criticism,and ultimately play a positive role in improving the party work and facilitate societal development.

关 键 词：批评与自我批评 《解放日报》 党报工作 建国初期 群众运动 联系群众 三反运动 实事求是 

分 类 号：D261.3[政治法律—政治学]