某商铺火灾热和烟气危害性数值研究  

Numerical investigation on the hazard of heat and smoke in a store fire

作　　者：陈珊珊[1] 蒋勇[1] 邱榕[1] 李山岭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2012年第9期1097-1103,共7页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51176181);国家973重点基金资助项目(2012CB719704)

摘　　要：为了研究商铺火灾中热和烟气对人体的危害,以实际火灾案例为背景,采用大涡模拟方法对起火店面进行数值重构,再现火灾过程.通过与燃烧现场取证及逃生人员的描述比较,计算结果很好地预测了火灾发展过程.探讨了高温、低氧以及一氧化碳和二氧化碳气体对人体的危害,通过构建人体模型研究热通量对人体的影响,并引入危害性指数这一概念,综合温度/浓度和作用时间两方面因素分析各参量的危害性大小,确定了人员致死原因.研究表明:燃烧造成室内一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量升高,但未达到短时间致死浓度,其危害性指数远小于1,可以认为是安全的.温度危害性指数最高,氧气次之,高温和过低的氧浓度是造成人员死亡的主要原因,这一结论与法医鉴定结果一致.In order to investigate the hazard of heat and smoke to humans in a store fire, an actual fire case was nu- merically reconstructed with the large eddy simulation and the fire process was reproduced. By comparing the inves- tigation evidence and the evacuees＂ description, the computational results demonstrated good prediction of the fire development process. The detriments of high temperature, insufficient oxygen, as well as carbon monoxide and car- bon dioxide, to humans were discussed, and a human model was established to investigate the effect of heat flux on humans. The concept of a hazard index was introduced to analyze the hazard magnitude of these parameters with both the temperature/concentration and the acting time taken into account, and the reasons for human death were determined. Research results show that combustion gives rise to the increase of the carbon monoxide and carbon di- oxide level, but without reaching the lethal concentrations, and their hazard indices are far less than 1, which can be regarded as safe; temperature has the largest hazard index, with oxygen coming in second. High temperatures and low oxygen concentration are the main factors that lead to human death. The conclusion is in accordance with that of the forensic medical identification.

关 键 词：数值重构 火灾 热 烟气 危害性 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]