三门峡水库降水冲刷机理与规律研究  

Research on Water Level Downfall Erosion Mechanism and Law of Sanmenxia Reservoir

作　　者：李昆鹏[1] 马怀宝[1] 王瑞 王岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]开封市环境监测站,河南开封475000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2012年第10期37-40,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(200801024;200901015);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2007-09)

摘　　要：根据三门峡水库降水冲刷实测资料,分析河床形态调整及其过程、出库含沙量过程等与来水来沙条件、库区蓄水状态及其变化过程的响应关系,研究库区水沙运动规律,探讨力与水协同作用下降水冲刷机理与关键影响因素。研究表明:①三门峡水库滞洪排沙期6个冲刷时段冲刷集中在黄淤12—黄淤36河段,受水库调度和排沙能力的影响,最大输沙强度出现在流量2 000～3 000m3/s;②坝前水位从302 m下降到295 m时,库区冲刷效果最好,如果水位再降低,冲刷效果并不显著;③利用清华大学与陕西水科所公式计算输沙率,在选择系数值时,需具体分析水库的淤积物组成、冲刷发展的程度等影响因素。According to the data of water level downfall erosion in Sanmenxia Reservoir, the paper analyzed the response relation between riverbed adjustment, outlet sediment concentration and incoming water and sediment condition and water storage, studied the movement law of water and sediment in reservoir and discussed water level downfall erosion mechanism and key influencing factors under the cooperative action of water and force. The results show that ： ①during Sanmenxia Reservoir flood detention and desilting period, scouring is concentrated between the cross section from No. 12 to No. 36 in six time intervals. Affected by the reservoir regulation and sand release capacity, maximum sediment transport intensity appears when the discharge is between 2 000 and 3 000 m^3/s.②When water level in front of dam decreases from 302 m to 295 m, the flushing performance is the best. If the water level further decreases, the flushing is not significant any more. ③Using the formula of Tsinghua University and Shanxi Water Institute to calculate the sediment transport rate, influence factors like reservoir deposition composition and the degree of scouring, it should specifically analyze the value of coefficient when it is selected. The research results can be supplied for references for reservoir regulation and sedimentation reduction in Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

关 键 词：降水冲刷 滞洪排沙 敞泄排沙 冲淤形态 输沙率 三门峡水库 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV142