城市湿地动态的背景效应研究  

Study on background effects of urban wetland dynamics

作　　者：何舸[1] 俞云[1] 王可 蒋国翔[1] 周文[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国城市规划设计研究院深圳分院,深圳518040 [2]深圳市海洋与渔业环境监测站,深圳518031 [3]江苏省城市规划设计研究院,南京210036

出　　处：《生态科学》2012年第4期456-461,共6页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07318-001)

摘　　要：以肇庆市1991、2001和2009年3期Landsat TM和ETM+影像为基本数据源,利用遥感和GIS技术并结合景观格局和邻域分析等方法对1991～2009年肇庆湿地的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:(1)1991～2001年间肇庆地区湿地面积大幅增长,而2001～2009年间则少量减少,湿地的面积变化和农业经济结构调整显著正相关。(2)研究区湿地景观格局变化明显,破碎化程度和空间异质性程度均减小,湿地斑块在空间上趋向于集中和连片分布。(3)湿地占地率的相对变幅在不同占地率区间表现出较大差异,在低占地率区间主要表现为相对变幅的增长,在高占地率区间主要变现为相对变幅的减少,而在其他区间保持相对稳定的变化幅度。(4)湿地占地率的绝对增长幅度和减少幅度分别在占地率10%和95%时达到阈值,而在其他区间则显现出与湿地占地率紧密相关的非线性变化特征。研究表明,湿地景观动态存在明显的背景效应,其面积变化的速度、程度与湿地占地率密切相关,不同湿地占地率区间的湿地应予以有区别的管理和保护。Based on the 1991, 2001, and 2009 Landsat TM/ETM＋ images of Zhaoqing, the dynamic changes of the wetland in Zhaoqing from 1991 to 2009 were analyzed using the remote sensing technology, geographic information system technology, landscape pattern and neighborhood analysis. The wetland area increased greatly between 1991 and 2001, while reduced between 2001 and 2009. These changes of wetland area were strongly correlated with the changes of internal restructuring of agricultural sector. During the last two decades, the landscape pattern of wetland changed significantly in the study area. Both landscape fragmentation degree and spatial heterogeneity decreased, and the patches tended to congregate and connect together, The relative amplitudes of the change in wetland percentage coverage （WPC） varied greatly in different WPC zones. It increased in low WPC zones while decreased in high zones and kept stable in other WPC zones. The maximal absolute growth amplitude and the maximal absolute reduction growth amplitude of WPC occurred respectively in 10% zones and 95% zones, while they showed close and nonlinear correlations to WPC in other zones. The results showed that both change rate and change amplitude of the wetland area in the study region were closely related to local WPC, which indicated there existed the background effects in the dynamics of wetland landscape. The wetlands with different WPC should be protected differently.

关 键 词：湿地变化 背景效应 景观格局 邻域分析 珠江三角洲 肇庆 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]