深圳市罗湖区1990-2011年麻疹流行病学特征及防控措施分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics and Prevention & Control Measures of Measles in Luohu District,Shenzhen During the Period of 1990-2011

作　　者：刘卫民[1] 何梅英[1] 马茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518020

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2012年第10期1483-1485,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析罗湖区1990-2011年麻疹病例流行病学特征及预防控制措施,为消除麻疹采取针对性措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对罗湖区1990-2011年的麻疹发病情况及采取的预防控制措施进行分析。结果 1990-2011年全区报告麻疹疑似病例1 408例,其中非户籍人口发病占90.62%;从2005年开始呈高发态势,于2007年达到历史最高位,通过强化免疫及查漏补种等综合措施,2011年降到历史低位,为0.113/10万;病例主要集中在低年龄组儿童和青壮年中,呈"双相移位"现象;病例中无免疫史占26.99%,免疫史不详占59.02%,以散发为主,爆发疫情罹患人数占总病例数的5.97%;分子生物学研究显示辖区流行的麻疹野病毒为国内已有的流行株,全部为H1基因型。结论通过综合的防控策略,采取常规免疫和强化免疫相结合的措施,争取政府多部门的参与,在区域内实现消除麻疹的目标是可以预见的。为实现消除目标,应进一步加强重点人群管理,通过调整免疫策略、加强院感控制、开展成人免疫和育龄期女性疫苗接种、查验预防接种证、有效处置疫点等措施,有效控制麻疹发病。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases and its prevention and control measures in Luohu District from 1990 to 2011, and to provide evidence for adopting suitable countermeasures of measles elimination. Methods With descriptive epidemiology method,we analyzed the prevalence and preventive countermeasures of measles in Luohu District during the period of 19902011. Results Totally 1,408 suspect measles cases were reported in Luohu District from 1990 to 2011.The proportion of non-resident cases accounted for 90.62%.The incidence rate stayed a high level from 2005 and reached the highest in 2007.Comprehensive measures such as intensive and supplementary immunization were taken to decrease the rate to 1.113/100,000 in 2011,being the lowest in the history.The cases were mainly concentrated in children and young adults,presenting ＂bidirectional shift＂ phenomenon.The cases without immune history and with unclear history accounted for 26.99% and 59.02%,respectively.Most of the cases were sporadic,while the outbreaks occupied only 5.97% of all cases.Molecular biology showed that virus strain found in Luohu was gene type H1,the epidemic strain in our country. Conclusions Conventional and intensive immunization as well as multi-departments support ensure our goal of measles elimination.Furthermore,key population management,adjustment of immunization strategy,hospital infection controlling,adult vaccination,entry immunization investigation,and timely deposition are all efficient and essential to measles prevention.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行性学特征 防控 措施 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]