旱地胡麻覆膜穴播种植与节水补灌试验研究  

Experimental Study on Mulched Hole-planting and Water-saving Supplied Irrigation on Dryland Flax

作　　者：党增春[1] 刘耀宏[1] 万惠娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2000年第2期12-14,共3页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："九五"国家科技攻关项目!"宁南宽谷丘陵区 (固原 )集水型高效农牧开发与生态建设研究"课题 ( 96 - 0 0 4 - 0 5- 0 9)

摘　　要：干旱是威胁宁南山区胡麻生产持续发展的首要限制因子。采用地膜覆盖穴播种植技术 ,探索了旱地胡麻覆膜穴播种植的增产机理及其增产效应。结果表明 ,覆膜穴播可以提高土壤地温 ,保持土壤水分 ,促进土壤速效养分的充分释放和有效利用。又因穴播种植 ,胡麻籽粒顶土合力增强 ,出苗率高达 79.4%～ 96.2 % ,籽粒产量提高 37.9%～ 46.2 %。与此同时 ,作者于胡麻覆膜穴播种植后 ,在胡麻的关键生育期枞形后期—现蕾初期 ,进行了膜上节水补灌试验。结果表明 ,节水补灌 30 0～ 450 m3 /hm2可提高籽粒产量 30 %～ 44% ,水分生产效率达0 .30～ 0 .32 kg/(hm2 · mm) ,水分生产效率提高 8%～ 1 4 .9%。这一新的种植方式 ,效益显著 。Drought is the first limiting factor threatening the sustainable development of flax production in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regivn. In recent years, The technology of mulched hole planting is used on dryland flax, and its yield increase mechanism and benefit were explored. The results showed that, mulched hole planting could improve soil temperature, conserve soil moisture, and promote full release and efficient use of soil rapidly available nutrients. Hole planting could enhance the co force of breaking through the soil of flax seed, so the rate of germination was as high as 79.4%~96.2%, and yield was raised by 37.9%~46.2%. Meanwhile, water saving supplied irrigation was conducted in the key development stage of flax from the latter stage of clumping to the initial stage of budding. The results indicated that the yield could be increased by 30%~44% with 300~450 m 3/hm 2 irrigation, which is 8%~14.9% greater than the contrast. Hence, this new planting technology should be extensively used on flax in arid and semi arid areas.

关 键 词：旱地 胡麻 覆膜穴播 节水补灌 增产效应 

分 类 号：S565.904.2[农业科学—作物学] S565.907.1