广东省惠州地区铅酸电池生产企业铅职业病危害调查  

Investigation on lead hazards in lead-battery manufactures in Huizhou

作　　者：张宏光[1] 彭轩[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省惠州市职业病防治院,惠州516008

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2012年第5期235-238,共4页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的了解惠州地区铅酸电池生产企业铅职业病危害情况及造成危害的主要原因。方法采用职业卫生学调查及现场职业病危害检测、职业健康体检等方法。结果 7家铅酸电池生产企业工作场所铅烟C_(TWA)浓度平均为0.216 mg/m^3,超标率为44.7%,焊接岗位铅烟浓度最高,为4.220 mg/m^3,超标139倍;铅尘C_(TWA)浓度平均为0.161 mg/m^3,超标率为29.4%。铅超标率高低与企业规模大小无关。接触铅作业体检1 311人,血铅浓度超过1.90μmol/L限值328人,血铅超限率为25.02%,其中92人超过2.90μmol/L,占血铅超限人数的28.05%。铅职业病危害严重的主要原因是生产工艺落后,生产布局不合理,通风设施设计安装不符合要求,工人自我防护意识差,不能正确使用防护设施和个人防护用品等。结论惠州地区铅酸电池生产企业铅职业病危害严重,应采用先进生产工艺,优化通风设施设计安装,加强企业职业病防治管理等综合治理措施,才能有效降低工作场所铅职业病危害,保护工人健康。Objective To learn the occupational lead hazards in the lead-battery manufactures in Huizbou and to analyze the main reasons for such lead hazards. Methods 7 lead-battery manufactures were investigated. The working environments were surveyed. The airborne lead levels were measured and occupational health examination was done among the exposed workers. Results The mean concentration （TWA） of lead fume and lead dust in these 7 lead manufactures was 0.216 mg/m3 and 0.161 mg/m3, respectively,and the non-compliance rate was 44.7% and 29.4%, respectively. The concentration of lead fume at welding positions was highest as 4.220 mg/m3 and it was 139 times the concentration of OELs in China. The non-compliance rate was similar among enterprises with various scale. 1311 lead-exposed workers received the physical examination,among them 328 workers with blood lead level higher than 1.90 μ mol/L （25.02%） and 92 workers with blood lead level higher than 2.90 μmol/L were found. The main reasons for such serious outcome were out-dated technology, unreasonable facility layout, the poor design and/or installation of ventilation facilities and incorrect use of these facilities, and the low consciousness to use individual protective articles of workers. Conclusion The lead hazards were serious in the lead-battery manufactures in this city. In order to effectively control lead hazards in the workplaees and protect the workers＂ health,the use of advanced technology and optimization of ventilation facilities design and installation should be adopted.

关 键 词：铅酸电池 职业病危害 通风设施 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R135.11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]