连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控  

Effects of Continuous Cropping on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Peanut and Its Regulation under Plastic Mulching

作　　者：李艳红[1] 杨晓康[1] 张佳蕾[1] 高芳 张凤[1] 杨传婷[1] 王媛媛[1] 李向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东圣丰种业科技有限公司,山东济宁272400

出　　处：《花生学报》2012年第3期16-20,共5页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA8B03);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30840056;31171496);山东现代花生产业技术体系专项基金

摘　　要：通过池栽试验,研究了连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控。结果表明:连作导致出苗率低、植株矮小、落叶早、结果数减少、产量下降,显著降低了花生叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量,且净光合速率的降低幅度大于叶绿素含量的降低幅度,同时,Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、NR活性及根系活力显著降低,且这种抑制作用随连作年限的延长而加重。覆膜栽培显著提高了多年连作花生叶片全生育期的叶绿素含量和生育前期的净光合速率,显著增加了花针期的ΦPSⅡ和饱果成熟期的Fv/Fm,对叶片硝酸还原酶活性及苗期到结荚期的根系活力具有显著的提高作用,产量增加13.5%。覆膜栽培提高花生生育前期根系的吸收活力,促进氮的转化和吸收,提高叶片的光合能力,在一定程度上缓解多年连作对植株生长发育的抑制作用,提高产量。Pool experiment was carried out to research the effects of continuous cropping on agro- nomic traits and physiological characteristics of peanut （Arachis hypogaea L. ） and its regulation un- der plastic mulching. The results showed that the seed emergence rate, main stem height, branch length and yield were dropped by continuous cropping, and the photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and ФPSⅡ, NR activity of leaves and the root activity were also significantly de- creased, the scale of chlorophyll reduction was less than that of Pn. And the inhibition phenomenon was increased with prolonged continuous cropping. Plastic mulching in the field of many years contin- uous cropping could significantly increase chlorophyll content in total growth stage and Pn in the early growth stage, and could significantly increase ФPSⅡ in flowering and pegging stage and Fv/Fm in pod filling stage, NR activities and root vigor from seedling stage to pod setting stage were increased sig- nificantly, the pod yield was increased 13.5 %. The absorption activity of the root system in the early growth stage and the photosynthetic capacity were increased under plastic mulching condition. It pro- moted the transformation and absorption of nitrogen and alleviated the inhibitory effect caused by con- tinuous cropping in certain extent for growth and development of peanut, the yield was increased.

关 键 词：花生 连作 农艺性状 生理特性 覆膜调控 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S311