我国铁路运价管制的租值消散分析  

Analysis on Rent Dissipation of Railway Rate Control in China

作　　者：桑炜 

机构地区：[1]湖南高速铁路职业技术学院铁道运输系,湖南衡阳410000

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2012年第10期5-8,共4页Railway Transport and Economy

摘　　要：以经济学理论为基础,从交易费用的视角研究铁路运价管制的制度成本。分析表明,在铁路运价率根据铁路运输企业长期平均成本定价时,相比边际收益等于边际成本定价增加了消费者剩余,但这部分消费者剩余在旅客排队等待购买或者通过车票倒卖者购买时被抵消,存在租值消散,而排队等候时间所耗散的租值是运价管制下的最小值。最后提出,运输主管部门应重视对运输需求曲线及运输企业长期平均成本曲线的研究,适时采取边际成本定价原则。Based on economics theory, from the perspective of transaction expenses, the institutional cost of railway rate control was studied. The results show that if the railway traffic rate is priced according to long-term average cost of railway transportation enterprise, compared with marginal income equal to marginal cost pricing, consumer surplus will increase. But the consumer surplus is offset when passengers are lining up for tickets or buy tickets through resellers--rent dissipation exists. The rent value dissipated when passengers lining up for tickets are the minimum under railway rate control. It is finally proposed that transportation administrations should pay attention to the research on transport demand curve and long-run average cost curve, and at the appropriate time adopt the principle of marginal cost pricing.

关 键 词：铁路运价 管制 租值消散 

分 类 号：F532.5[经济管理—产业经济]