加拿大油砂沥青喷雾造粒溶剂体系的选择  

Solvent Selection for Asphalt Particles Production of Canadian Oil Sands Bitumen

作　　者：范勐[1] 孙学文[1] 赵锁奇[1] 许志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2012年第5期783-790,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家国际合作科技计划(2008DFA41160);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2010CB226901;2010CB226902)资助

摘　　要：以正戊烷+正己烷、正戊烷+环戊烷2个系列混合物作为溶剂,采用溶剂沉淀法从加拿大油砂沥青中得到沥青质,通过对沥青质SARA族组成、元素组成、平均分子结构、分子片层堆积结构的测定,考察了溶剂混合比例对所得沥青质性质的影响。结果表明,随着正己烷或环戊烷掺入比例的增加,沥青质的收率显著降低,软化点明显提高;正戊烷+环戊烷混合溶剂更适宜作为加拿大油砂沥青喷雾造粒的溶剂体系,正戊烷中加入少量的环戊烷就能达到沥青喷雾造粒的要求。在正戊烷中掺入体积分数10%的环戊烷,可将脱油沥青收率降低4百分点,软化点相应升高10～12℃,从而生产出外观形态良好的沥青粉,可以作为加拿大油砂沥青喷雾造粒的溶剂体系。Asphaltenes from Canadian oil sands bitumen were obtained by solvent precipitation with two mixed solvent systems, n-pentane ＋n-hexane mixed solvent and n-pentane ＋ cyclopentane mixed solvent. Several analytical means were conducted to study the variation of asphaltene properties with the solvent changing, such as saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene compositions, elemental composition, average molecular structures and aromatic sheets stacking structures. The experiment results indicated that the yield of asphaltene could be remarkable reduced with the increase of n-hexane or cyclopentane proportion in the mixed solvent and the softening point of asphaltene increased correspondingly. When the n-pentane＋ cyclopentane mixed solvent was used with a small amount of cyclopentane in n-pentane, the softening point of asphaltene could meet the demand for asphalt spray granulation and the n-pentane＋cyclopentane mixed solvent was suitable to be the solvent system in the asphalt particles production from Canadian oil sands bitumen. The n-pentane＋ cyclopentane mixed solvent containing about 10% cyclopentane could decrease the yield of deoiled asphalt by 4 percent and promote the softening point of asphalt by 10 - 12℃. Hence, nice asphalt particles could be produced, and the n- pentane% cyclopentane mixed solvent with 10% cyclopentane would be the right candidate solvent system for Canadian oil sands bitumen processing.

关 键 词：油砂沥青 溶剂选择 正戊烷 正己烷 环戊烷 沥青质 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]