聚磷酸铵的合成及改性研究进展  

Development on synthesis and modification of APP-Ⅱ

作　　者：张晖[1] 赖小莹[2,3] 艾常春[2,3] 何宾宾[1,2] 胡意[3] 刘洋[3] 冯碧元[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]云南磷化集团有限公司,云南昆明650113 [2]国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650113 [3]武汉工程大学,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2012年第10期32-36,共5页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(50904054)

摘　　要：为了解决聚磷酸铵阻燃剂在研究中存在的关键科学问题,提高我国聚磷酸铵产品在国际市场的核心竞争力,综述了国内外的结晶Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵最新研究成果,分析了其阻燃机理、合成方法以及不同改性方法的优劣.结果表明,其阻燃机理为:结晶Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵在阻燃过程中除了作酸源外也可兼作气源,一方面受热分解时释放出水蒸气、氨气和氮气等不燃性气体;另一方面,受热后生成强脱水剂聚磷酸,聚磷酸可使被阻燃物表面脱水生成碳化物,碳化物在基质表面形成致密性膨胀炭层,从而阻止气体扩散.其合成的原料一般为磷酸二氢铵和含磷物质,合成条件的控制决定聚合度的高低.结晶Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵改性技术主要有微胶囊化包覆技术、表面活性剂改性、三聚氰胺改性以及偶联剂改性四种方法,其中偶联剂改性是目前研究的热点,前三种方法均有一定的局限性.In order to solve the key scientific problems in the process of research ahout ammonium polyphosphate （APP）, and improve our country＇s core competitiveness in the international market, we summarized the latest research results of crystallization Ⅱ ammonium polyphosphate （APP-Ⅱ） at home and abroad, analyzed the flame retardant mechanism, synthesis methods and the superiority and inferiority of the different modification methods. The results show that APP-Ⅱ is simultaneous as the acid source and gas source in the process of flame retardant; on the one hand, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen and nonflammable gas are released when APP-Ⅱ is decomposed; on the other hand, APP-Ⅱ generates polyphosphoric acid after heating, which enables the retardant dehydrating to carbide, then carbide on the substrate surface forms a dense expansion carbon layer, thereby preventing the gas diffusion. Synthetic materials generally consist of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphorus- containing substances, synthesis conditions determine the level of the degree of polymerization. APP- Ⅱ modified technology mainly includes four methods of microencapsulation coating technology, surfactant modified melamine modified and coupling agent. Among them, the coupling agent is the focus of current research; the rest methods have some limitations.

关 键 词：Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵 机理 合成 改性 

分 类 号：TQ314.248[化学工程—高聚物工业]