2010年安康市燃煤污染型氟中毒监测结果分析  

2010 ankang polluting coal fluorosis monitoring results

作　　者：邓英[1] 梁磊[1] 何俊平[1] 蒋华[1] 

机构地区：[1]安康市疾病预防控制中心,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《微量元素与健康研究》2012年第6期42-45,共4页Studies of Trace Elements and Health

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目(2009)

摘　　要：目的：掌握安康市燃煤污染型氟中毒病区病情变化、防氟炉灶使用和相关行为形成情况,评价防治效果,为燃煤型氟中毒防治工作提供理论依据。方法：2010年对安康市岚皋、平利县6个自然村进行监测。采用单纯随机抽样方法,在2个监测县实施改炉改灶的病区村中各随机抽5个病区村,在抽中的每个病区村和6个监测村各抽取10户家庭,调查炉灶使用及相关行为转变情况;调查监测村所有8~12岁学生氟斑牙患病情况,氟斑牙诊断采用Dean氏法。同时对8~12岁学生每年龄段采集10份尿样,检测尿氟,尿氟测定采用尿中氟的离子选择电极法（WS/T 30-1996）,依据《人群尿氟正常值》WS/T256-2005进行评价。对监测村25周岁以上人群,按每个年龄段随机抽取20人进行氟骨症X线检查。诊断采用《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》（WS192-2007）。结果：病区普遍使用铁炉和改良灶,铁炉、改良灶的合格率及正确使用率均较低;玉米、辣椒正确干燥率和保管率均不高;玉米、辣椒加工前淘洗率均在95.00%以上;6个检测村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为59.00%（118/200）;共采集儿童尿样200份,尿氟在0.55~2.02 mg/L,几何均数1.09 mg/L;X线共拍片576人,氟骨症检出率为16.23%（93/576）。结论：安康市燃煤污染型氟中毒呈流行态势,防氟炉灶损坏较为严重,健康行为形成率较低,加强病情监测、防氟炉具后期管理和健康教育干预工作是防治燃煤污染型氟中毒的关键。Objective：To understand the distributions of endemic fluorosls in coal- burning pollution areas, to make use of remodel the ovens to reduce the emission of fluoride and related behavior formation, evaluate effectiveness and offer data for the project of the generalized improvement. Methods： To survey its location 6 villages in Lan- gao county and Ping- li county in Ankang city in 2010. Make use of random sampling methods, Monitoring in 2 counties to implement improving stoves in the village of random 5 ward village, during the pumping in each ward village and 6 monitoring village from the 10 families, used and related behaviors survey range transformation . The children of 8-12 years old with dental fluorosis were investigated, the defect rate in village children aged 8- 12 was determined by Dean＇s method and collected 10 samples of urinary fluoride, fluoride in urine was determined using urinary fluoride ion selective electrode method at the same time to 8--12 years old students（WS/T 30 - 1996 ）. Investigated according to ＂The normal concentration of urinary fluoride of population＂ WS/T256 - 2005. Investigated according to the ＂endemic skeletal fluorosis the clinical diagnostic criteria（WS192 - 2007）＂. Results：The wide was used of furnace and improvement of ward stove, furnace, the qualified rate of the improved range and use of rate are low; Maize and chili the rate of correct drying and storage are high; Maize and chili processing before the elutriation rate above 95 %. Detection of 6 village children aged 8-12 dental fluorosis prevalence rate was 59 % that collect the sample of urine of the total of 200 children, the results of skeletal fluorosis was 0.55 - 2.02 mg/L and geometric mean was 1.09 mg/L ; Skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 1.92% of the total of 576 people that make X- ray. Conclusion： The coal burning fluorosis and fluoride stove was epidemic situation, damage was very serious in ankang city, healtix behavior formation rate was low, to strengthen the monitoring, Prote

关 键 词：氟化物中毒 氟中毒 牙 尿 氟骨症 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]