塔里木盆地塔河地区海西晚期火山岩构造特征与油气成藏  

The Tectonic Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Late Hercynian Volcanic Rocks in the Tahe Area,Tarim Basin

作　　者：汤良杰[1,2] 黄太柱[3] 邱海峻[4] 崔泽宏[5] 万桂梅[1,2] 金仙梅[3] 杨素举[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学盆地与油藏研究中心,北京102249 [3]中国石化西北油田分公司,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心,北京100034 [5]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质学报》2012年第8期1188-1197,共10页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41172125;40972090;40672143;40472107);国家973项目(编号2012CB214804;2005CB422107);全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价国家专项(编号2009GYXQ02-05);国家科技重大专项(编号2011ZX05002-003-001);中国石化股份有限公司项目(编号P11086);中国石化西北油田分公司项目(编号KY-S-2006-014)共同资助的成果

摘　　要：通过地震剖面解释,根据断裂的切割层位将研究区火山岩断裂分为3类,即深层断裂、浅层断裂、火山岩内部微断裂。通过编制这3类断裂的平面展布图,对塔河地区火山岩断裂的性质、形成期次、分布特征及形成机理进行了分析。认为深层断裂形成于加里东期-海西期,以逆冲断层为主,走向呈NNE、NE、NNW3组,断裂主要分布于塔河火山岩发育区北部、西北部。浅层断裂形成于燕山期-喜马拉雅期,以正断层为主,断裂走向呈NE、NNE向,主要分布于盐边地带和东南部盐上火山岩分布区。火山岩内部的微断裂在顶部较底部发育,主要分布于塔河地区西部的火山岩中。根据火山岩储层和构造成因类型,将塔河地区火山岩划分为3种圈闭类型,即:构造裂缝和淋滤风化共同控制的圈闭、古凸起不整合遮挡和抬升淋滤风化共同控制的圈闭、埋藏溶蚀和构造裂缝共同控制的圈闭。分析了火山岩圈闭顶部的盖层条件和火山岩的油气成藏条件,认为三叠系底部柯吐尔组泥岩可形成有效的区域性封盖,塔河地区火山岩具有良好的油气成藏条件。The faults in volcanic rocks of the Tahe area can be classified into three types based on theinterpretation of the seismic profiles： deep-layer faults, shallow-layer faults and micro-faults within the volcanic rocks. Through compiling faulting distribution map, the fault characters, formation periods,distribution characteristic and origin of the volcanic rock in the Tahe area have been analyzed. It is believed that the deep-layer faults,mainly thrust faults, were formed during the period of Caledonian and Hercynianstages. These faults trending NNE, NE and NNW are distributed in the north and northwest parts of the Tahe volcanic area. The shallow-layer faults, mainly normal faults, were formed during the period of Yanshan and Himalayan Stages. The faults trending NE and NNE are distributed in the volcanic rocks near the salt margin and up-salt volcanic area of the southeast part. The micro-faults within the volcanicrocks, developed in the top of volcanic rocks much more than that in the bottom of volcanic rocks, mainly distribute in the western part of the Tahe area. Three oil-gas trap types of volcanic rock have been classified according to the origin of the volcanic reservoir and structure. They are the traps controlled bystructural fissures, leaching and weathering, the traps controlled by paleo-uplift, unconformities, leaching and weathering, the traps controlled by buried-dissolving, erosion and structural fissions. The conditions of the cap-rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation of volcanic beds have been analyzed. It is indicated thatmudstone of Ketuer formation of the bottom Triassic may be an effective regional seal bed. The favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions may exist in the volcanic beds in the Tahe area, Tarim Basin.

关 键 词：火山岩 构造特征 油气成藏 海西晚期 塔河地区 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]