内蒙古达赉湖自然保护区狼(Canis lupus)与家畜冲突初步研究  

Preliminary study on the conflict between wolf(Canis lupus) and livestock at the Dalai Lake Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：原宝东[1,2] 张洪海[2] 窦华山 

机构地区：[1]河池学院教务处,广西宜州546300 [2]曲阜师范大学生命科学学院,山东曲阜273165 [3]达赉湖国家级自然保护区管理局,内蒙古海拉尔021000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012年第11期1-3,7,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370218;31172119);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-07-0507);国家林业局野生动植物保护管理项目(LY200405)

摘　　要：为了研究狼与家畜冲突,2004年7月份至2006年12月份通过雪地足迹跟踪法,在内蒙古达赉湖国家级自然保护区搜集狼捕食家畜的数据,并对数据进行分析。结果表明:狼捕食家畜造成的经济损失约占居民年收入的5.06%;人为看护因子、气候因子和猎物脆弱性因子是影响狼捕食家畜的关键因子;被捕食的家畜量和家畜数量呈显著的相关性(P<0.05),与牧民家庭成员和家犬的数量无关(P>0.05);狼的捕食生态位宽度与10年前相比显著变窄,食物重叠度变小。说明家畜的数量增长和散放的管理方式是狼捕食家畜重要原因,野生猎物资源匮乏是狼转向捕食家畜的主要原因。To study the wolf- livestock conflicts, the data of wolf predation on livestock were analyzed, which were collected by snow -foot track methods in the Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve from July 2004 to December 2006. The results showed that wolf predation on livestock caused about 5.06% economic losses of one year＇ s income. Principal component analysis showed that people＇ s care factor, climatic factors and prey＇ s vulnerable factor were the key factors affecting predation on livestock ; the number of livestock had a significant correlation with the a- mount of predation on livestock （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but unrelated with herdsman＇ s family members and domestic dog＇ s number （ P 〉＇0.05 ）. Wolf＇ s predator niche width became narrow compared with that of ten years ago, and the food niche overlap became small. The study indicates that the growth in the number of livestock and loose - housing management are an important reason for wolf predation on livestock, and the lack of re- sources of wild prey was the main reason for wolf turning to the predation on livestock.

关 键 词：狼 家畜 冲突 达赉湖自然保护区 

分 类 号：S864.1[农业科学—野生动物驯养]