降低奶牛粪、尿中氮排泄损失的营养调控研究  

Study on the nutritional regulation in reducing the losses of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion in dairy cows

作　　者：杨正德[1] 吴锋[1] 曾一敬 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省贵阳市清镇市奶牛场,贵阳551400

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012年第11期4-7,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：贵州省科技攻关项目(黔科合NY字(2007)3008号);大学生创新性实验计划项目(贵大国创字(2009)012号)

摘　　要：为了研究不同营养因子对奶牛粪、尿中氮排泄损失的影响,试验选择体重、胎次、产犊时间、产奶量相近,体况评分为3分的泌乳盛期中国荷斯坦牛27头,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,以日粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、小肠可消化蛋白(IDCP)及添加过瘤胃保护氨基酸(RPAA)为营养因子,调控降低奶牛粪、尿中氮的排泄损失。结果表明:NDF为降低粪氮排泄损失的主效因子,日粮干物质(DM)中NDF为37%、41%时,粪氮排泄损失相近,平均为34.74%,比NDF为45%时减少粪氮损失2.25个百分点(P>0.05);IDCP为降低尿氮排泄损失的主效因子,日粮IDCP按《中国奶牛饲养标准》推荐量92%,分别比IDCP为100%、108%时减少尿氮排泄损失17.79 g/d、26.34 g/d,相对减少14.20%、21.05%(P<0.05)。3因子优化组合为日粮IDCP按《中国奶牛饲养标准》推荐量92%、NDF为37%～41%、组合添加过瘤胃保护赖氨酸32 g/d+过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸8 g/d可显著降低粪、尿氮排泄损失率,从而有效提高摄入氮转化为产品氮的效率。To study the effects of different nutritional factors on the losses of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion in dairy cattle, twenty- seven Chinese Hostein dairy cows were selected at peak lactation , which were similar to each other in the weight, parity, calving time, and milk yield with the body condition score of 3. The L9 （ 34 ） orthogonal experiment was designed to regulate and reduce the losses of fecal and urinary nitro- gen excretion, taking dietary neutral＇ detergent fiber （ NDF）, intestine digestible crude protein （IDCP） and rumen protected amino acids （RPAA） as experimental factors. The results showed that NDF was the main effect factor to reduce the losses of fecal nitrogen excretion, and the losses of fecal nitrogen excretion were close in the rations with NDF 37% and 41% on the dry matter （DM） base, which average was 34.74%, less than that of NDF 45% ration 2.25 percentage point （ P 〉0.05 ）. IDCP was the main factor to lower the urine nitrogen loss, and when IDCP in diets was 92% which was recommended by China Feeding Standard of Dairy Cattle, the losses of urinary nitrogen excretion were reduced 17.79 g/d and 26.34 g/d with relative reduction of 14.20% and 21.05% （P 〈0.05 ）, respectively, which was compared with IDCP 100% and IDEP 108%. The optimization of three factors was 92% of which was recommended by China Feeding Standard of Dairy Cattle, 37% to 41% of NDF on the DM base, and the additions of combining with 32 g/d of RP - Lysine （ RP - Lys） plus 8 g/d of RP - methionine （RP- Met）. It can significantly decrease the loss rates of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion, thereby effectively enhancing the efficiency of converting the ingested nitrogen into product nitrogen.

关 键 词：奶牛 粪氮 尿氮 排泄损失 营养调控 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]