不同施肥处理对陇东旱塬冬小麦产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Fertility and Wheat Yield in Loess Plateau East of Gansu

作　　者：张建军[1,2,3] 樊廷录[2,3,4] 郭天文[1,2,3] 王勇[1,2,3] 赵刚[1] 党翼[1] 王磊[1] 唐小明[1] 李尚中[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业科学院科研管理处,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第10期42-48,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划((2012BAD09B03);国家自然科学基金(40961022)

摘　　要：通过6a冬小麦连作田间定位试验,研究等量氮(N)磷(P)养分投入条件下施用不同形态有机物料对陇东黄土旱塬土壤肥力及冬小麦产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮磷化肥与不同有机物料配合施用,土壤养分及冬小麦产量、水分利用效率比氮磷配施(CK2)及不施肥(CK1)处理有进一步改善和提高。生物有机肥配施化肥处理效果最明显,2011年收获时土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾较2006年分别提高15.5%、21.4%、14.1%和5.9%,速效磷和速效钾分别提高14.2mg.kg-1和48.0mg.kg-1,显著高于其他配施处理;冬小麦平均产量(3 536.3kg.hm-2)最高,较CK2、CK1分别提高53.2%和86.7%;平均水分利用效率(11.7kg.mm-1.hm-2)最高,较CK2、CK1分别提高30.2%和71.2%。因此,生物有机肥配施氮磷化肥处理在陇东黄土旱塬雨热条件下对于全面提升土壤质量具有重要意义,且该施肥处理的土壤养分状况、作物产量具有很好的一致性,可以表征土壤肥力状况及产量水平。The effects of the different organic manure with equivalent nitrogen and phosphorus on the yield of winter wheat,water use efficiency（WUE） and soil fertility were investigated from 2005 to 2011 in Loess Plateau East of Gansu.The results showed that the combined fertilizing of NP chemical fertilizer with organic matter was more advantaged for improving soil ferity,the yield of winter wheat and WUE than the fertilizing of NP chemical fertilizer（CK2）and no fertilizing（CK1）.The effect of chemical fertilizer combined with biological manure was significantly higher than others.Soil organic matter,total N,total P and total K were increased by15.5%,21.4%,14.1% and 5.9% comparing with that in 2006,respectively,and available P and K were heightened with 14.2 mg·kg-1 and 48.0 mg·kg-1,respectively.The yield of winter wheat（3 536.3 kg·hm-2） was the highest and increased by 53.2% and 86.7% comparing with CK2 and CK1,respectively.WUE（11.7 kg·mm-1·hm-2） was the highest and increased 30.2% and 71.2% comparing with CK2 and CK1 respectively.Therefore,chemical fertilizer combined with biological manure was significantly improving the soil quality under the rain and heat condition in loess plateau dry land east of Gansu,and soil fertility and yield of winter wheat were greatly accordant,which could be taken as the standard for soil fertility and yield level.

关 键 词：冬小麦 连作 生物有机肥 土壤肥力 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]