雅鲁藏布江源头区居民点分布的影响因素  

Affect on the Distribution of Residential Points in the Source Region of the Yarlung Tsangpo River

作　　者：赵卫[1] 沈渭寿[1] 邹长新[1] 李海东[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《山地学报》2012年第6期728-736,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2008BAC34B01);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(200709045;201209032);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资助~~

摘　　要：针对雅鲁藏布江源区重要的生态服务功能、不断加剧的生态退化问题、以畜牧业为主的产业结构及其对生态状况的依赖性,分析了源区居民点分布与地貌、生态状况、水文条件、交通条件的空间关系,评价了地貌等因素对该区居民点分布的影响。结果表明,2008年雅江源区居民点分布呈显著的地形聚集特征,大部分居民点聚集在4 600～5 000 m高程带、0°～5°缓坡区和没有坡向的平坦地带。雅鲁藏布江源区居民点分布与生态状况具有较强的空间趋同性。小嵩草草甸、紫花针茅草原和固沙草草原是居民点分布的主要植被类型;与1990年相比,2008年源区及其居民点分布区的NDVI较低,草地盖度及其生产能力有所降低,风沙化土地渐趋扩张,极少数居民点分布于风沙化土地,以固定沙地为主。源区居民点分布还具有明显的河流指向性和交通指向性。超过83%的居民点分布在距离雅鲁藏布江水系1.5 km范围内和道路两侧2.0 km范围内,特别是500 m范围内;距离雅鲁藏布江水系和交通线路越远,居民点分布越稀疏。究其原因,以草原放养为主畜牧业生产及其对牧草和水分的依赖性是影响居民点分布的关键因素。In view of its important ecological service functions, growing ecological degradation, industrial structure based on animal husbandry and a strong dependence on ecological status, affeet on the distribution of residential points in the source region of the Yarlung Tsangpo River （ called ＇ the source region＇ for short） was studied, the relationship between the distribution of residential points and four environmental elements, including topography, ecological status, hydrological condition and traffic lines were analyzed. Results showed that most residential points in the source region located in the elevation zone from 4 600 to 5 000, gentle slope from 0~to 5~and flat area with- out aspect, which was characterized by topographic centralization. There was spatial convergence between the dis- tribution of residential points and ecological status in the source region. In terms of vegetation types, most residen- tial points were distributed in Kobresia parva Meadow, Stipap the vegetation coverage and status of the zone that residential urpurea steppe and Orinus steppe. From 1990 to 2008, points located decreased significantly. Fewest residen- tial points were distributed in aeolian sandy land; residential points located in fixed sandy land were more than that in other aeolian sandy lands. The distribution of residential points in the source region presents obvious character of river direction and transportation direction ; most residential points had favorable status of water resource and traffic, which located along to the river in a distance of 1.5 km and traffic line in a distance of 2.0 kin, 500 m especially. And the residential points decreased with the increasing of distance to rivers and traffic lines. Therefore, animal husbandry and its demand for water and forage were the primary factors which affect the distribution of residential points in the source region.

关 键 词：区域生态 居民点 生态状况 GIS空间分析 雅鲁藏布江源头区 

分 类 号：K901.8[历史地理—人文地理学] X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]