干细胞神经定向分化研究与医学转化  

Neural differentiation and its clinical translation of human stem cells

作　　者：胡宝洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,干细胞与转化研究重点实验室,计划生育生殖生物学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《济宁医学院学报》2012年第5期316-321,共6页Journal of Jining Medical University

基　　金：国家重大科学计划(编号:2012CB966302;2012CBA03107);国家自然科学基金(编号:31171430);中国科学院干细胞与再生医学战略先导专项(编号:XDA01040109)

摘　　要：作为一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的细胞,人类多能性干细胞,包括人胚干细胞(human embryonic stem cells,hESCs)及人诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)等,能进一步分化成为多种类型的功能细胞,修复受损组织,有望为解决退行性疾病与组织损伤等难题提供新的途径。根据发育生物学理论,目前已建立有效的干细胞分化方案,可将人多能干细胞分化为特定类型的神经元和胶质细胞,包括GABA能、多巴胺能、脊髓运动神经元,以及星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。本文综述了当前干细胞生物学中的与神经分化相关的几个热点问题,着重介绍人类与小鼠干细胞生物学方面的差异及干细胞研究向再生医学转化中的问题,特别是我国干细胞研究医学转化所面临的机遇与挑战。这些问题的解决将对提高我国的干细胞研究水平,推动干细胞研究向医学应用转化具有重要意义。Human pluripotent stem cells（PSCs） such as embryonic stem cells（ESCs） and induced pluripotent stem cells（iPSCs） hold great promise in regenerative medicine as they are an important source of functional cells for potential cell replacement.These human PSCs have the full potential to give rise to any type of cells in the body.Using the developmental principles of neural lineage specification,human ESCs and iPSCs have been efficiently differentiated to regional and functional specific neurons and glia,such as striatal gama-aminobutyric acid（GABA）-ergic neurons,midbrain dopaminergic neurons,spinal motor neurons,myelin sheath forming oligodendrocytes and regional specific astrocytes.Here,we present our understanding on several hot topics in the field of stem cell research,with extra concentration on the neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells,the unique aspects of the human stem cell biology and the medical translation of stem cell research in China.Such information is valuable to prosper the stem cell research in our country and would be instrumental to accelerate the translation of these researches into regenerative medicine.

关 键 词：干细胞 再生医学 细胞移植 转化研究 

分 类 号：Q813[生物学—生物工程]