铜陵地区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的研究  

Investigations on Allergens of Allergic Diseases in Children from Tongling

作　　者：宋文辉[1] 刘萍[1] 周云霞[1] 朱应玉[2] 胡春玖[3] 王万平 王华峰 江文胜[1] 张丽新[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省铜陵市人民医院儿科,244009 [2]安徽省铜陵市人民医院皮肤科,244009 [3]安徽省铜陵市人民医院耳鼻喉科,244009 [4]铜陵县人民医院儿科,244100 [5]铜陵有色职工总院儿科,244000

出　　处：《医学研究杂志》2012年第10期92-95,共4页Journal of Medical Research

基　　金：铜陵市科技计划项目(2009NS20);铜陵市卫生局科研项目(2009-12)

摘　　要：目的探讨铜陵地区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的分布特点,为本地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法选择患有儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特异性皮炎等的患儿50例,男性31例,女性19例,平均年龄6.32±3.13岁。所有对象均选用20种过敏原进行皮肤点刺试验,以组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果铜陵地区吸入性过敏原以粉尘螨阳性率最高为84%,其次是户尘螨阳性率82%、猫毛和狗上皮阳性率54%、蟑螂阳性率48%、艾蒿和葎草、玉米花粉阳性率46%。食物性过敏原以海虾阳性率最高62%,其次为牛肉和鸡蛋黄阳性率58%、花生阳性率56%、鸡蛋清和芒果、牛奶阳性率54%、黄鳝和带鱼阳性率52%、大豆阳性率46%、苹果和桃子阳性率42%。结论粉尘螨和户尘螨是铜陵地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的重要过敏原,学龄前儿童主要食物过敏原为鸡蛋黄、花生,学龄期儿童主要过敏原为海虾、牛肉。皮肤点刺试验用于明确儿童过敏性疾病的致病原因安全有效。Objective To investigate the characteristic of allergens in children＇s hypersensitivity disease of Tongling, so as to pro- vide scientific basis for the prevention of hypersensitivity disease among children in Tongling. Methods Fifty cases suffered from bronchi- al asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and（or） atopic dermatitis were selected. In 50 cases, 31 were males and 19 were females. The average age was 6.32 ＋ 3.13 years old. All the patients underwent skin prick tests（SPT） with 20 allergens, with histamine as positive control. Normal saline was used for negative control. Results Of the inhalant allergens in the Tongling, dust mite was positive in 84% , followed by house dust mite（82% ） ,feather of dogs and cats（54% ）, cockroach（48% ） ,wormwood and hamulus pollen and weed pollen（46% ）. Compared with those of food allergens, the positive rite were in order of sea shrimp（62% ） , beef and yolk（58% ） , peanut （56%） , egg white and mango and milk（54% ）, rice field eel and ribbonfish（52% ）, soybean（46% ）, apple and peach（42% ）. Conclusion It is concluded that dust mite and house dust mite allergen are the most common allergens in Tongling. In preschoolers, the main food allergen is yolk and peanut; in school - age children, sea shrimp and beef. Therefore,SPT is one of the safest and most effective methods to detect hypersensitivity diseases among children.

关 键 词：儿童 哮喘 过敏性鼻炎 特异性皮炎 皮肤点刺试验 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]