延安城区10种阔叶园林植物叶片结构及其抗旱性评价  

Drought Resistance Evaluation and Leaf Structures of Ten Species of Broad-leaved Ornamental Plants in Yan'an Urban Area

作　　者：刘红茹[1] 冯永忠[2] 王得祥[1] 崔宏安[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨陵712100 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2012年第10期2053-2060,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项;干旱区城市森林质量评估及空间配置技术研究(201104045)

摘　　要：利用石蜡切片法和指甲油印迹法,对延安城区10种阔叶园林植物叶片解剖结构——叶片厚度、上下表皮角质层厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、中脉厚度、维管束厚度、下表皮气孔密度、气孔长度、气孔宽度等进行测定,对栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比、叶片结构紧实度、维管束厚度与叶脉厚度比等15个植物抗旱性指标进行分析,并运用方差分析和主成分分析,结合抗旱隶属函数法对物种间的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)15个旱性指标在10种阔叶园林植物间差异显著,变异系数为19.34%～73.73%,均具有较高灵敏度。(2)10种植物叶片均具备抵抗干旱环境的解剖结构,表皮、角质层、栅栏组织、叶脉、维管束等较为发达,气孔主要分布在下表皮,国槐为等面叶,其余为异面叶。(3)叶片上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、维管束厚度、气孔密度可作为园林植物抗旱性综合评价的主要指标,10种阔叶园林植物的抗旱性大小顺序为:樱花>月季>红叶李>国槐>紫丁香>紫藤>爬山虎>丝绵木>连翘>紫叶小檗。The leaf anatomical structure of the ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants in Yan’an urban area were observed with paraffin sectioning method and nail oil seal.The fifteen xeromorphic indices including thickness of leaves,thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis,cuticle thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of spongy tissue,thickness of vascular bundle,thickness of vein,stoma density of lower epidermis,stoma length of lower epidermis,stoma width of lower epidermis were measured and thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,compactness of leaf structure,thickness ratio of vascular bundle to vein were analyzed.Through the methods of variance analysis and principal component analysis.The drought resistance among species were evaluated by membership function.The results showed that：（1）The fifteen xeromorphic indices had significant differences between ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants,and had higher sensitivity which variation coefficient was 19.34%～73.73%.（2）Ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants had drought-resistant leaf anatomic structures such as developed epidermis,cuticle,palisade tissue,vein,vascular bundle and so on.The stomatal apparatus were distributed in lower epidermis mostly,Sophora japonica belonged to isobilateral leaf,the rest of species belonged to bifacial leaf.（3）Five typical xeromorphic indices including thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of bundle,stoma density of lower epidermis could be main indices to evaluate drought resistance comprehensively,the drought resistance capability of ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants was in the order of Prunus serrulata〉Rosa chinensis〉Prunus cerasifera cv.pissardii〉Sophora japonica〉Syringa oblata〉Wisteria sinensis〉Parthenocissus tricuspidata〉Euonymus bungeanus〉Forsythia suspensa〉Berberis thunbergii cv.atropurpurea.

关 键 词：叶片解剖结构 抗旱性 园林植物 延安 

分 类 号：Q944.56[生物学—植物学] Q945.79