芥菜型油菜多室角果的解剖特征及遗传分析  

Primary study on anatomic and genetic characteristics of multi-loculus in Brassica juncea

作　　者：吕泽文[1] 徐平[1] 张向向[1] 文静[1] 易斌[1] 马朝芝[1] 涂金星[1] 傅廷栋[1] 沈金雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/国家油菜工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2012年第5期461-466,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家863重大项目(2011AA10A104)

摘　　要：采用石蜡切片、杂交和回交技术研究了芥菜型油菜多室材料J163角果的形态特征、单株产量性状构成和遗传控制机制。结果表明,J163的角果由4心皮发育而来,4个果瓣包围种子,2个假隔膜平行,将角果分隔成3个腔室;假隔膜发育稳定,无假隔膜发育障碍或中途退化而形成多室与两室角果嵌合现象;尽管多室材料的千粒重和单株有效角果数均小于两室材料,但多室材料每角粒数和单株产量显著提高,说明多室性状(每角粒数多)有利于提高油菜产量;J163多室性状受隐性核基因控制,无细胞质效应,J163和两室材料J248间在多室位点上存在2对基因差异,但J163的多室性状基因是否为2对独立隐性基因还需进一步研究。上述结果也说明J163是新型芥菜型油菜多室材料。Multi-loculus trait of a newly discovered Brassica juncea material J163 was investigated by paraffin-cut section method and hybridizations.Anatomic characteristics showed that the multi-loculus siliques of J163 were developed from 4 carpels.In the silique,4 petals surrounded the seeds,and 2 pseudo dissepiments paralleled,dividing the silique into 3 chambers.The middle chamber was larger than the other two.Two pseudo dissepiments were well developed with no obstacle nor degradation during silique filling period.No chimerism of multi-loculus and two-loculus siliques showed on single plants.Compared to bi-loculus materials,multi-loculus plants had both significantly higher seeds per silique and yield per plant,but lower thousand seeds weight and effective siliques per plant,which implied that multi-loculus with more seeds per silique was an effective trait to improve yields.Backcross and reciprocal cross results showed that the multi-loculus trait was controlled by recessive nuclear genes with no cytoplasmic effect.Differences were found on 2 pairs of genes on the mutlti-loculus loci between J163 and the bi-loculus material J248.It was not clear whether the 2 pairs of genes were genetically independent.However,it could be concluded that J163 was a new type of multi-loculus mustard.

关 键 词：芥菜型油菜 多室性状 角果形态 遗传 假隔膜 心皮 每角粒数 产量性状 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]