灌木减流减沙效应及其水力学机理试验研究  

Experimental study of effect of shrubs on runoff and sediment reduction and its hydrodanamic mechanism

作　　者：肖培青[1] 姚文艺[1] 王昌高[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2012年第5期33-37,共5页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(2011CB403303);国家自然科学基金项目(41071191);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(HKY-JBYW-2012-04)

摘　　要：利用人工模拟降雨试验,定量研究了不同降雨强度下20°陡坡面灌木的减流减沙效应,探讨了灌木保持水土作用的水力学机理。结果表明:在45、90和130 mm/h降雨强度下,灌木地坡面土壤的平均入渗率是裸地坡面入渗率的2.9～4.7倍;与裸地相比,灌木地径流流速减少59.4%～81.9%,径流量减少61.7%～80.6%,产沙量减少95.5%～99.3%;断面比能参数可表征为侵蚀产沙的主导因子,灌木地临界断面比能值为0.13cm,裸地临界断面比能值为0.074cm。研究结果对定量评价灌木减流减沙作用有一定的参考意义。Effect of shrubs on runoff and sediment reduction and its hydrodynamic mechanism were studied on a 20° slope using simulated rainfall experiment. The results show that the soil infiltration rate of the shrub slope is 2.9 -4.7 times higher than that of the bare slope under rainfall intensities of 45, 90 and 130 mm/h, respectively. Compared with those on the bare slope, the flow velocity, runoff and sediment yield on the shrub slope are decreased by 59.4% -81.9% , 61.7% -80.6% and 95.5% -99.3% , respectively. The hydrau- lic parameter of unit flow energy can be used as a dominant indicator for predicting the sediment yield. The critical unit flow energy of the bare slope and of the shrub slope is 0. 074 cm and 0. 13 cm, respectively. The experimental results are meaningful for quantifying effects of shrubs on reducing runoff and sediment yield.

关 键 词：减流减沙 侵蚀产沙量 断面比能 灌木 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]