南疆全立架露地栽培甜瓜平衡施肥参数的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Balanced Fertilizing Parameters of Trellis - Cultivated Melon in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：吴海华[1] 陈波浪[1] 盛建东[1] 郝丽娜[1] 朱浩才 杨立远[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆岳普湖县农技推广中心,新疆岳普湖844400

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第10期1793-1798,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一五"科技支撑计划课题"多熟立体栽培模式下精准水肥管理及土壤质量提升技术研究与示范"(2009BADA4B03)

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆南疆全立架露地栽培甜瓜的平衡施肥参数。【方法】进行两年多点的田间肥料缺素试验。【结果】施用化肥能使甜瓜产量提高21.55%～47.05%,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥全施处理的两年平均产量为71 591 kg/hm^2,较对照(不施肥)增加47.05%,化肥对甜瓜产量的贡献大小顺序为氮肥>钾肥≥磷肥。全立架露地栽培甜瓜的养分吸收系数分别为:N 207.0g/100 kg、P_2O_5 43.1g/100 kg、K_2O 536.6 g/100 kg(N:P_2O_5:K_2O为1:0.21:2.59)。研究区土壤有效养分与有效养分校正系数之间呈负相关关系,土壤有效养分校正系数分别为:碱解氮1.87 kg^2/(mg·hm^2)、速效磷1.02 kg^2/(mg·hm^2)、速效钾1.30 kg^2/(mg·hm^2)。肥料当季利用率分别为:氮肥26.2%、磷肥3.7%、钾肥47.8%。【结论】当全立架露地栽培甜瓜的目标产量为75000 kg/hm^2时,氮、磷、钾肥的施用量分别为:N 310.04 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 135.44 kg/hm^2、K_2O 154.35 kg/hm^2。[ Objective ] The purpose of this project was to study the balanced fertilization parameters of trellis- cultivated melon. [Method] Two years＇ field experiment from 2010 to 2011 were conducted. [ Result] The results showed that the melon yields are increased from 21.55% to 47.05% under the different fertilization, and the order of increasing rates by the elements is N 〉 K≥P. The amount of N, P2O5, K2O absorbance by 100 kg melon is 207.0,43.1 and 536.6 g accordingly. The ratio of N： P2O5：K2O is 1： 0.21： 2.59. A negative correlation between soil available nutrients and nutrient rectified coefficient of the soil, and the utilization coefficient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 1.87,1.02 and 1.30 kg2/mg ·hm2. The utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are 26. 2%, 3. 7% and 47. 8%. [ Conclusion] When the target of trellis - cultivated melon yield is 75 000 kg/hm2, the fertilization combination is N 310.04 kg/hm2 ,P2O5 135.44 kg/hm2 and K2O 154.35 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：全立架露地栽培 甜瓜 产量 养分吸收系数 养分校正系数 肥料当季利用率 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]