汉江上游白河县河段现代洪痕调查与实测洪水校核  

Flood Discharges Reconstructed by Modern Flood Level Marks in Baihe County in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River

作　　者：赵英杰[1] 査小春[1] 黄春长[1] 庞奖励[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2012年第5期41-44,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然基金重点项目"汉江上游(南水北调水源区)万年尺度古洪水水文学研究"(41030637);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目"渭河下游全新世洪水与风沙活动对季风气候变化响应研究"(GK200901007);国家社科基金项目"历史时期汉江上游极端性气候水文事件及其社会影响研究"(11AZS009)

摘　　要：通过对汉江上游的实地考察,分别在陕西省白河县上下游河段的夹河镇和羊尾镇房屋墙壁上发现了1983年以来的4次现代洪水痕迹的标记。结合实地走访和查阅相关资料,准确确定了这4次洪痕的对应年代,并利用比降法重建了洪峰流量。将所重建的洪峰流量与白河水文站实测洪峰流量进行对比发现,二者基本接近,在夹河镇和羊尾镇计算误差分别在0.5%～5.3%和-0.2%～5.1%。结果表明,在当前全球气候变化的影响下,对于突发性特大洪水灾害,可以借助河流两岸遗留的洪水痕迹来恢复洪峰流量,以提高水文测量精确度。进而为防洪减灾或水资源开发等工作提供有效的数据支持,同时还可以为水文数据不足河段的洪峰流量推算工作提供科学依据。Through the field investigation in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River,4 modern flood level marks after 1983 were found on housing walls in Jiahe and Yangwei Towns of Baihe County.The ages of the 4 flood level marks were determined accurately through local interview and consulting data.Then their peak discharges were quantitatively figured out by the hydrology principle of slope-area method.Compared with the data observed from Baihe hydrological gauge station,the errors were found to be 0.5%~5.3% for Jiahe Town and-0.2%~5.1% for Yangwei Town.The result showed that flood level mark in river channel can be used to check peak discharge for an abrupt flood disaster under the influence of global climate change.It can not only improve the accuracy of flood discharge estimation in the river section short of hydrological data,but also provide the scientific data for water resources development and flood hazards mitigation.

关 键 词：汉江上游 现代洪痕 实测洪水 校核 

分 类 号：P512.31[天文地球—地质学]