油茶引蜂与人工授粉丰产研究  

Study on Experiment of Lead Bees Pollination and Artificial Pollination for Camellia oleifera

作　　者：邓荫伟[1] 张昌福 张敏 陈江平 刘仁路[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学生命科学学院,广西桂林541004 [2]广西昭平县林业局,广西昭平546800 [3]广西桂林市林业科学研究所,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2012年第33期16220-16221,共2页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科转09320021)

摘　　要：[目的]研究7种处理(含对照)对提高油茶座果率的效果,以筛选出最有效的方法,促进油茶丰产稳产。[方法]分析直接授粉、雄蕊花粉加清水5 kg、白糖0.25 kg加雄蕊花粉适量加清水5 kg、白糖0.4 kg加清水5 kg、蜂蜜0.25 kg加雄蕊花粉适量加清水5 kg、蜂蜜0.4 kg加清水5 kg、对照(自然授粉)对提高油茶座果率的效果。[结果]白糖0.4 kg加清水5 kg处理的平均座果率达97.1%,蜂蜜0.4 kg加清水5 kg处理的平均座果率达94.7%,这2个处理效果明显;雄蕊花粉加清水5 kg、白糖0.25 kg加雄蕊花粉适量加清水5 kg、蜂蜜0.25 kg加雄蕊花粉适量加清水,这3个处理的平均座果率在81.2%～86.2%间,与对照相比,效果不明显。[结论]在油茶开花授粉期,采用白糖0.4 kg加清水5 kg、蜂蜜0.4 kg加清水5 kg这2种方法喷树冠对提高油茶座果率有显著效果。[Objective] This test used seven kinds of research methods to screen out the most effective way to improve Camellia oleifera fruit-set rate,and promote the stable yield of Camellia oleifera.[Method] Analyzed the improving effects of direct pollination,stamens pollen add water 5 kg,sugar 0.25 kg and stamens pollen add right amount water 5 kg,sugar 0.4 kg plus water 5 kg,honey 0.25 kg and stamens pollen add right amount water 5 kg,honey 0.4 kg plus water 5 kg,control（natural pollination） on the fruit-set rate of Camellia oleifera.[Result] The average fruit-set rate of sugar 0.4 kg plus water 5 kg was 97.1%,the average fruit-set rate of honey 0.4 kg plus water 5 kg was 94.7%,the two treatments effect was obvious.Stamens pollen add water 5 kg,sugar 0.25 kg and stamens pollen add right amount water 5 kg,honey 0.25 kg and stamens pollen add right amount water,the average fruit-set rate of the three processing was 81.2% to 86.2%,compared with the contrast,the effect was not obvious.[Conclusion] In camellia blossom pollination period,using these two methods to sugar 0.4 kg plus water 5 kg,and honey 0.4 kg plus water 5 kg to spray crown can improve the camellia fruit-set rate significantly.

关 键 词：油茶 引蜂 人工授粉 座果率 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]