2003—2005年西北太平洋台风眼生成特征分析  

LARGE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES EYES FORMATION IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC FROM 2003—2005

作　　者：朱晓金[1] 陈联寿[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2012年第5期646-652,共7页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展项目规划"973"(2009CB421504);国家自然科学基金(41176005)共同资助

摘　　要：利用UW/CIMSS(University of Wisconsin-Madison/Cooperative Institute for MeteorologicalSatellite Studies)的AODT(Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique)资料和TRMM等卫星反演的每日海温资料,对西北太平洋2003—2005年热带气旋出眼规律及出眼条件进行了分析,包括有热带气旋成眼时的发展阶段、时间分布特征;热带气旋成眼时大尺度环境场条件(海温、垂直风切变)进行了统计研究,结果表明2003—2005年西北太平洋这40个热带气旋绝大多数(90%)在加强阶段开始出眼,只有4个热带气旋在成熟期才开始成眼;近92.5%的热带气旋发展到台风以上级别才开始出眼,也有一小部分的热带气旋在强热带风暴阶段出眼;热带气旋出眼的时间存在日变化,晚上出眼的热带气旋远少于白天出眼的热带气旋。80%的热带气旋出眼时所在位置的海表面温度在28℃以上。65%的热带气旋出眼时的垂直风切变是在6 m/s以下,只有4个热带气旋出眼时垂直风切变超过了10 m/s。综合以上结果表明只有能够发展为台风或已经发展成为台风的热带气旋才会有眼,且较高的海温和较弱的水平风场垂直切变非常有利于台风眼的形成。Based on the daily SST data retrieved from AODT in UW/CIMSS and TRMM, the occurrence principle and formation condition of the tropical cyclone eyes in the northwest Pacific from 2003--2005 are investigated by analyzing the development stages and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. A statistical study is also performed on the large-scale environmental conditions （e.g. SST and vertical wind shear） through the forming process of the tropical cyclone. For the 40 tropical cyclone eyes that appeared from 2003--2005, their characteristics can be summarized as follows： 90% of them form in the intensifying stage and four of them in the mature stage; nearly 92.5% of them start at the strength of typhoon and smaller part of them at the strength of strong tropical storm; most of them form during day time; 80% of them generate from locations with SST higher than 28 ℃; 65% of them form with vertical wind shear under 6m/s and only four of them appear with vertical wind shear larger than 10m/s. All the information above indicates that the tropical cyclone eye can appear only when the tropical storm can be a typhoon ultimately or after it became a typhoon. Higher SST and weak vertical wind shear are both favorable to the formation of the tropical cyclone eye.

关 键 词：热带气旋出眼规律 热带气旋出眼条件 海温 垂直风切变 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]