柿属部分品种杂交亲和性以及结实性的研究  

Studies of Cross Compatibility and Fecundity on Part of Diospyros

作　　者：赵丹[1,2] 王飞[3] 赵秀明[3] 杨凤美[1] 余亮[3] 牛佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西职业技术学院,西安710000 [3]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2012年第11期2229-2237,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：农业部种质资源保护项目(NB2010-2130135-21)

摘　　要：以柿属中柿种的5个品种和美洲柿种的1个品种为母本,柿种的4个雄株为父本进行杂交,研究结实特性。通过离体培养法比较雄株的花粉活力,利用荧光显微镜观察不同杂交组合花粉与柱头的亲和性,统计其亲和指数和坐果率。4个雄株花粉活力大小依次为‘杂3-2’>‘禅寺丸’>‘杂4-2’>‘正月’;在24个杂交组合中亲和性最高的是‘新昌牛心柿’ב杂3-2’组合,亲和指数为1.30,坐果率为73.88%,亲和性最低的是‘美洲柿’ב正月’组合,亲和指数为0.03,坐果率为17.22%。‘磨盘柿’、‘新昌牛心柿’存在真单性结实和刺激性单性结实现象,‘花县大红柿’为真单性结实,‘美洲柿’、‘若杉次郎’和‘帽盔柿’为假单性结实。柿种间杂交亲和性小于种内杂交亲和性,同种内不同品种间杂交亲和性与坐果率也存在着差异,且亲和指数与坐果率密切相关。Five varieties of Diospyros kaki,one variety of Diospyros virginiana were used as female plants,and four varieties of Diospyros kaki were used as male plants to study the fecundity of the hybrid. Pollen viability was observed by culture in vitro method. Cross compatibility among different crossing combinations was determined using fluorescence microscope. Fruit setting rate and compatibility index resulted from different combinations of crossing were calculated. The pollen viability of four male plants from the highest to the lowest was‘Za 3-2’,‘Zenjimaru’,‘Za 4-2’,‘Shougatsu’. Among the 24 crossing combinations under study,‘Xinchang Niuxinshi’בZa 3-2’had the highest compatibility index（1.30） and fruit setting rate（73.88%）,while the lowest compatibility index（0.03）and fruit setting rate（17.22%） were observed in Meizhoushi × Shougastu. The phenomenon of parthenocarpy and sti-parthenocarpy was observed in Mopanshi and Xinchang Niuxinshi. The phenomenon of parthenocarpy was observed in Huaxian Dahongshi. The phenomenon of non-parthenocarpic was observed in Meizhoushi,Maokuishi and Wakasugikeijirou. The cross compatibility of interspecific persimmon fruits was lower than that of intraspecific persimmon fruits;The cross compatibility and fruit setting rate varied among different varieties,and the cross compatibility index had close correlation with fruit setting rate.

关 键 词：柿 杂交 花粉活力 亲和力 坐果率 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]