斑节对虾滩涂养殖池塘浮游微藻群落演变特征  

Characteristics of the evolutionary influence of the planktonic microalgae community survival on the Penaeus monodon's tidal shrimp culture

作　　者：彭聪聪[1] 李卓佳[1] 曹煜成[1] 文国樑[1] 刘孝竹[1] 胡晓娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,510300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第5期95-101,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：现代农业(虾)产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-47);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103034);广东省鱼病防治专项(2130108);南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研专项(2010YD05)

摘　　要：研究斑节对虾滩涂养殖池塘水体中浮游微藻的群落演替规律及与水质因子的相关性。从位于茂名市鸡打港滩涂地带的4口斑节对虾池塘于1个养殖周期内定期采集水样,通过显微镜对浮游微藻进行鉴定、计数,依据水质检测国标要求检测各水质因子指标。通过SPSS软件分析微藻数量、生物量与水质因子指标的相关性。共检出浮游微藻5门93种,其中蓝藻26种,绿藻33种,硅藻32种,甲藻1种,隐藻1种。优势种有简单舟形藻(Navicula simples)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、绿色颤藻(Oscillatoria chlorina)、栖藓柱胞藻(Cylindrospermum musiccola)、显微蹄形藻(K.microscopica nygaard)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)、坚实微囊藻(Microcystis firma)、易略颤藻(Oscillatoria neglecta)、威利颤藻(Oscillatoria willei)等。养殖早期阶段,浮游微藻的个体数量介于3.5×104～35.7×105ind/L,生物量为0.02×102～1.83×102μg/L,多样性指数平均为1.57～2.12;养殖中后期阶段,浮游微藻的个体数量介于1.73×108～2.34×109ind/L,生物量为5.23×103～57.01×103μg/L,多样性指数平均为1.64～2.26。养殖过程池塘水温、TN、TP水平逐渐升高,透明度、DO逐渐下降。微藻数量、生物量多与透明度呈极显著负相关关系,与TN、TP、水温呈显著正相关关系。其中1、2号池微藻与TN、TP均呈极显著正相关关系,养殖中后期两池微藻密度都大于109ind/L,均爆发微囊藻水华;3、4号池微藻多样性水平较高,对维护养殖水环境稳定有积极作用。The present paper is involved with our study of the characteristics of the evolutionary influence of the planktonic microalgae community survival on the Penaeus monodon＆rsquo;s tidal shrimp culture. For our research purpose, we have conducted the continuous and regular survey and observation on the planktonic microalgae community and water quality factors in Penaeus monodon＆rsquo;s tidal culture ponds in Guanlida bio-technological corporation in Dianbai County, Guangdong, from May 19 to Sept. 22, 2009. The results of our investigation prove that a total of 93 planktonic microalgae species were identified during the culture period. Among them, 26 species were recognized to be Cyanophyta, 33 Chlorophyta, 32 Bacillariophyta, with one belonging to Pyrrophyta, and another to Cryptophyta. The dominant species were of Navicula simplex, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Oscillatoria chlorina, Cylindrospermum musiccola, Kirchneriella microscopica, Microcystis flos-aquae, Microcystis firma, Oscillatoria neglecta, Oscillatoria willei and so on. During the early culture stage, the range of the main species of planktonic microalgae, the biomass and the diversity index averages were identified at about 3.5＆times;104-35.7＆times;105 ind/L, 0.02＆times;102-1.83＆times;102 ＆mu;g/L, and 1.57-2.12, respectively. However, in the middle and final stage, the density, biomass and diversity of the planktonic microalgae prove to be in a range from 1.73＆times;108-2.34＆times;109 ind/L, 5.23＆times;103 57.01＆times;103 ＆mu;g/L, and 1.64-2.26 at the index average. In the culture process, it was found that with the gradual increase of the water temperature level, and that of TN and TP, the level of DO and the transparency of the water tends to decrease. The results of our investigation indicate that the planktonic microalgae density, the biomass and diversity index tend to reveal the same trend that they were generally low at the initial stage of the culture and then turned to be higher during the last stage. To be accurate, the micro

关 键 词：水产养殖学 斑节对虾 滩涂养殖池塘 浮游微藻 群落结构 

分 类 号：S9[农业科学—水产科学]