天然气制甲醇关键过程火灾爆炸危险性分析  

Fire and explosion hazard analysis of the principal process in methanol production from natural gas

作　　者：尹彩虹[1,2] 孙金华[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆克拉玛依市克拉玛依区公安消防大队,新疆克拉玛依834000 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230027

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第5期169-173,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK13B01)

摘　　要：介绍了甲醇生产过程中的火灾、爆炸危险性及其研究现状,对天然气制甲醇生产工艺过程作了简单分析。运用DOW化学火灾爆炸危险指数法对各生产工艺单元的火灾爆炸危险性进行评价,确定天然气转化和热回收工艺单元与甲醇合成工艺单元为主要的危险工艺单元。进而根据甲醇生产工艺的火灾爆炸危险类型,通过事故树法对天然气制甲醇生产工艺中需要进行重点控制的工艺单元进行系统安全分析,确定了两个工艺单元内火灾爆炸事故发生的途径及其难易程度。In this paper we are trying to make a detailed description of the fire and explosion risks prone to take place in the methanol production. For this purpose, we have mainly engaged in the analysis of the methanol production, which is an important organic chemical of wide applications in chemical industry. In our paper, we have also made a brief review of the research status quo of the production and remaining problems involving the methanol production process with the natural gas as its raw material. While analyzing the explosion hazards of methanol production process, we have resorted to the DOW chemical explosion index method, which involves two major hazard process units. The two major hazard process units are known as the natural gas conversion and the heat recovery process unit and the methanol synthesis process unit. In proceeding with our analysis, we have applied the fault tree analysis method. In doing the fault tree analysis, we need to analyze the system safety of the two key process units of methanol production, that is, the hazard types of fire and explosion of the methanol production process which include the leakage type and reaction out-of-control type. In order to make the successful analysis, we have to first of all work out the fault tree based on the accidents and the factors which may account for the fire or explosion accidents. And, here we have established two minimal cut sets by using Boolean algebra reduction method with the sequence of the structure importance of each factor involved. And, next, we have to determine the way how the fire and explosion accidents occur and the order of the degree of difficulty in which the two process units might have experienced, respectively. In terms of the natural gas conversion and heat recovery processes unit, we can have 20 pathways that are likely to cause the fire and explosion accidents. And, in terms of the debugging mistakes of process parameters and illegal operation, we have worked out 23 pathways that are likely to account for such accidents.

关 键 词：安全工程 天然气 甲醇 火灾爆炸 事故树分析法(FTA) 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]