达乌尔黄鼠实验室饲养、繁殖及其冬眠阵  

The artificial feeding,breeding and research on hibernation bouts of the Daurian ground squirrel(Spermophilus dauricus)

作　　者：孙小勇[1] 高云芳[1] 王琦[1,2] 姜山峰[1] 郭树攀[1] 刘坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室,西安710069 [2]陕西理工学院生物科学与工程学院,汉中723000

出　　处：《兽类学报》2012年第4期356-361,共6页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770273);2011年度高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20116101110013);陕西省教育厅省级重点实验室重点科研计划项目(11JS092)

摘　　要：为探索实验室条件下达乌尔黄鼠饲养与繁殖的方法及冬眠阵的发生规律,参照野生黄鼠冬眠洞穴的主要生态环境参数,建立人工冬眠屋,采用传统锯末技术记录冬眠阵。结果显示:(1)处于春季繁殖期的黄鼠应以大鼠饲料为主,辅以少量黄瓜等,夏季活跃期交叉饲喂大鼠饲料与兔饲料,辅以多水的瓜果蔬菜,秋季育肥期以大鼠饲料为主,辅以高脂肪高蛋白的花生、豆类等。(2)雌鼠怀孕期为28d左右,哺乳期约一个月,雌鼠每窝产仔4～8只,平均5.52只;初生幼鼠两周内忌换垫料,并避免将异味带入鼠房。(3)黄鼠冬眠期从当年11月下旬至次年3月上旬,平均93.95d;冬眠阵睡眠时长平均7.44d,阵间激醒时长平均1.36d,睡眠天数占整个冬眠期的89.9%;整个冬眠期,黄鼠冬眠阵平均7.55个。(4)2009年秋至2011年春季,自野外共捕回黄鼠185只,存活146只,存活率78.9%。在2006、2009和2011年的黄鼠繁殖期,共配对25对,产仔138只,成活92只,成活率为66.7%。结果表明,野生达乌尔黄鼠可在人工饲养条件下实现繁殖,并可在人工冬眠屋成功冬眠。Our goal was to establish an appropriate way of feeding and breeding of Daurian ground squirrels （ Spermophilus dauricus ） in the laboratory and to investigate the rules of its hibernation bouts. The hibernation room was made according to the parameters of wild Daurian ground squirrels＇ caves in the field, and the hibernation bouts were monitored by the traditional sawdust method. Resuhs： （ 1 ） The animals were fed with mainly standard rat chow and some fruits and vegetables were provided in the spring breeding season; rat chow mixed with rabbit chow was supplied in the summer, along with fruits and vegetables rich in water ; in the fattening period of Autumn, in addition to rat chow, some peanuts, and beans rich in fat and protein also were necessary. （2） The pregnancy of female animals was about 28 days and lactation was a month. Females gave birth 4 to 8 offspring per brood, with an average of 5.52 ; As the newborn ＇ s bedding should not be changed for at least the first two weeks, abnormal flavor must be avoided in the nest. （ 3）The hibernation period of the animals was from late November to early March of the next year, the average time of hibernation was 93.95 days. Hibernation bouts occured on 89.9% of the days of the whole hibernation time. The average days of dormancy for each hibernation bout was 7.44 and the arousal from hibernation bout was 1.36 days. In total there were 7.55 hibernation bouts during the hibernation period. （4 ） Between 2009 and 2011, 185 animals were recaught from the wild, 146 survived, a survival rate of 78. 9%. In the breeding seasons of 2006, 2009 and 2011, 25 pairs were matched and 138 babies were born with 92 surviving, a survival rate of 66. 7%. The results showed that wild Daurian ground squirrel can be successfully bred and fed in lab condition and can achieve their hibernating period in artificial hibernation room.

关 键 词：达乌尔黄鼠 饲养 繁殖 冬眠阵 

分 类 号：Q494[生物学—生理学]