生防菌对药用植物土传病害的抗病机制及应用探讨  

Discussion on applications and mechanisms of biocontrol microoganisms used for controlling medicinal plant soil-borne diseases

作　　者：杨立[1,2] 陈美兰[1] 邵爱娟[1] 杨光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2012年第21期3188-3192,共5页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(30901963);国家自然科学基金项目(81072989);国家中医药管理局行业科研专项(201107009);国家"重大新药创制"科技重大专项(2009ZX09502-026;2009ZX09301-005);国家中医药管理局项目(2006BAI09B03)

摘　　要：近年来,药用植物在引种栽培过程中土传病害发生严重,直接影响了其产量和质量。目前主要采用化学防治,但化学农药对大多数土传病害防效甚微,且过量使用还会导致环境污染和中药材农药残留超标,直接损害人体健康以及影响中药材出口。而且随着人们对无污染、无公害绿色中药材的呼声日益提高,生物防治已成为继农业、化学防治之后的又一重要防治方法。生防菌在生物防治中的潜力也被日益重视,并广泛应用于生产。作者分别从改善寄主关键养分,与病原菌的竞争作用,改变寄主根系的形态或解剖结构,调节寄主内源激素,恢复寄主根际土壤微生态平衡以及激活寄主防御机制等方面探讨目前常用生防菌对药用植物土传病害的生物防治机制,对其应用以及存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了未来的展望。In recent years, the soil borne disease of medicinal plants becomes severely during the process of cultivation and directly endangered the production and quality of raw materials used in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The chemical pesticides have been constantly used to prevent and control the soil borne disease, but only a few are effective. Meanwhile, the excessive uses of chemical pesticides also lead pesticide residues in TCM, which often exceed limit of the standard, and harm the human health and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, biological control has become a hot research point for its environmental advantages. This paper mainly diseussed the mechanisms of different species of mieroorganisms, which could control the soil borne disease of medicinal plants, from the following aspects： improving host plants＇ nutrient absorption, the nutrient and space competition with the pathogenic bacteria, changing the morphology and anatomical structure of roots, adjusting the host plants＇ endogenous hormones, restoring the balance of host rhizosphere soil microecology and activating the host plants＇ defense system etc. Then put forward the prospect of biocontrol agents in the future.

关 键 词：生防菌 药用植物 生物防治 土传病害 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]