中国野生大豆(Glycine soja)遗传资源主要形态、遗传变异和结构  

Morphological Types,Genetic Variation and Structure in Chinese Wild Soybean(Glycine soja)Genetic Resources

作　　者：王克晶[1] 李向华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大工程/农业部北京大豆生物学重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2012年第6期917-928,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：农业部农作物资源保护专项;"973"大豆重要农艺性状单元型分析(2010CB1259-03);农业部野生植物保护;农业部转基因安全评价(2009ZX08011-22B)

摘　　要：介绍了我国野生大豆遗传资源主要的形态类型、物种内遗传关系和遗传结构。进化的瓶颈不仅发生在由野生大豆到栽培大豆,也以另一种方式"分化瓶颈"出现于同性状的不同表型类型之间。野生大豆种内种子大小类型是否存在遗传分化?野生和半野生大豆的边界在哪?半野生大豆如何产生的?半野生大豆遗传上密切于栽培种还是野生种?百粒重3～4g的小粒半野生大豆与百粒重8.5g以上的特大粒半野生大豆是否有遗传差异?百粒重8.5g以上的特大粒半野生大豆是否属于栽培大豆?野生大豆的种皮色和种子大小哪个更能反映进化程度?栽培大豆基因是否已经渗入到野生大豆?对这些在学术界常年存在的疑问本文介绍了我们的研究答案。我们认为"真"半野生大豆不存在于现在中国半野生资源收集品中;一些野生大豆中的白花、灰毛、无泥膜性状来源于栽培大豆的基因渗透。We described the morphological types,genetic variation and structure in Chinese wild soybean ge- netic resources. We found that not only did the evolutionary bottleneck occur in the domestication of cultivated soybean from wild soybean, but also the differentiation bottleneck appeared between the different phenotypes of the same characters. Here we also introduced our most recent studies answering about some long-term questions over whether there is genetic differentiation among strains of different seed sizes within wild soybean species, where the genetic boundary between the typical wild and semi-wild types lies, how semi-wild soybean was originated, which side the semi-wild soybean is taxonomically closer to between the wild or the cultivated soybean, whether there are genetic differences between the smaller （3-4g 100-seed weight）and the outsize （over 8.5g）seed-sizes of semi- wild soybean, whether there is genetic differentiation between large-seeded semi-wild soybeans and less-evolved primitive soybean landraces, whether the outsize semi-wild soybeans （ over 8.5g 100-seed weight） belong to thecuhivar, which of seed size and seed-coat colour is more important in the evolutionary degree in wild soybean and whether cultivated soybean genes have introgressed into the wild soybean. We think that the true transition- al-intermediate ancestors have disappeared during the domestication of cultivated soybeans, and some genes as such controlling white flower, grey pubescence,and no-seed bloom introgressed from the cultivated into wild soybeans.

关 键 词：种内遗传分化与结构 进化瓶颈 半野生大豆 野生大豆 Soja亚属 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]