试论两晋墓志的演变和等级性  

The Evolution and Hierarchy of Epitaphs in the Jin Dynasty

作　　者：王佳月[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《东南文化》2012年第5期88-96,共9页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：墓志作为重要的随葬品,在两晋时期产生并发展起来。考古类型学对这一时期墓志形制的分析表明,墓志来源于墓碑,但到东晋逐渐脱离了墓碑的影响,形成自己的样式。而文献的讨论进一步描绘出形制背后的礼制内涵,可知墓志是在西晋开创的,产生时便具备等级性,而东晋时期由于墓碑复兴,导致墓志地位下降,作为普通随葬品走上了独自发展的道路,这也是形制变化的原因。Epitaph as an important funerary object first appeared in the Jin Dynasty and gradually developed from then on. Typological analyses on the epitaph forms of this period show that the earliest epitaphs originated from inscribed tombstones hut formed their own styles in the Eastern Jin. Available literatures have also disclosed the social institutions connoted by these epitaph forms. It is concluded that epitaphs carried hierarchical meanings when they were born in the Western Jin time. They lost their importance in the society and become ordinary burial objects in the Eastern Jin due to the rival of the use of tombstones at the time, which also caused their change in forms.

关 键 词：墓志 两晋 形制 等级性 变迁 

分 类 号：K877.45[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K871.42[历史地理—历史学]