X射线衍射进展简介  

The development of X-ray diffraction

作　　者：解其云[1] 吴小山[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学物理学院,南京210093

出　　处：《物理》2012年第11期727-735,共9页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11274153;10974081;10979017);国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2010CB923404)资助项目;中国博士后面上资助项目(批准号:2011M500888)

摘　　要：100年前,劳厄等证明X射线对硫酸铜晶体具有衍射能力,揭开了X射线衍射分析晶体结构的序幕.100年的发展,X射线衍射已经成为自然科学乃至医学、考古、历史学等众多学科发展的必备技术.文章介绍了X射线衍射现象的发现历史,X射线运动学和动力学理论的发展概况,并举例说明了X射线衍射在粉末多晶体、单晶体和人工功能晶体以及人工薄膜材料中的具体应用情况,最后简要展望了X射线衍射技术的发展前景.One hundred years ago, Laue discovered the remarkable phenomenon of X-ray diffraction in a CuSO4 · 5H2O crystal, which gave rise to the new era of crystal structure determination based on X-ray diffraction. Over the past 100 years, this has played an important role in natural science, medicine, arche- ology, history and many other fields. This paper reviews the history of the discovery of X-ray diffraction, the fundamentals of kinematical and dynamical X-ray diffraction theory, as well as various specific applica- tions in the study of polycrystalline powders, single crystals, artificial functional crystals, and thin film materials. Future prospects for the development of X-ray diffraction technology are briefly mentioned.

关 键 词：X射线衍射 X射线衍射运动学理论 X射线衍射动力学理论 

分 类 号：O434.1[机械工程—光学工程]