网络成瘾者的行为冲动性——来自爱荷华赌博任务的证据  

Internet Addicts' Behavior Impulsivity:Evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

作　　者：徐四华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东商学院应用社会学与心理学系,广州510320

出　　处：《心理学报》2012年第11期1523-1534,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金(10CGL043);广东商学院校级项目(09GL18001)资助

摘　　要：以84名大学生为被试(网络成瘾和对照组被试各42名),采用感觉寻求量表和爱荷华赌博任务(Iowa Gambling Task)范式比较两组被试在感觉寻求水平和决策行为反应模式方面的差异。结果发现,与对照组被试相比,网络成瘾者的感觉寻求总分和去抑制、厌恶单调及寻求激动和惊险三个分量表得分显著增加,在IGT任务中优先选择收益和惩罚频率高的不利扑克牌,其冒险的决策策略并没有随着决策次数的增加而改变。这表明网络成瘾者的决策功能受损并表现出"即时收益优先"的决策模式和对强化物潜在风险的高耐受性。Internet addiction, defined as a maladaptive use of the Internet, is estimated to occur in 8-13% of college students （Chou, Condron, ＆ Belland, 2005）. It has become a serious mental health issue worldwide because addicts are impaired in various behavioral aspects including social interactions and academic performance （Morahan-Martin ＆ Schumacher, 2000; Scherer, 1997; Young, 1998）. Some researchers consider Internet addiction as a kind of behavioral addiction. However, there are few experimental studies on the cognitive functions of Internet addicts and limited data are available to compare Internet addicts with other addictive behaviors, such as drug abuse and pathological gambling. In the present study, we examined internet addicts＇ function of decision making, Two groups of participants, 42 Internet addicts （18-22 years old, 32 male, M = 19.79, SD = 1.14） and 42 controls （18-22 years old, 26 male, M = 19.71, SD = 1.13）, were compared on the cognitive function and impulsivity by using a Chinese computerized versions of the IGT and Sensation Seeking Scale （SSS）. In the IGT, subjects had to choose between four decks of cards. Unknown to the subjects, two piles offered larger short-term gains that are offset by greater risks of heavy losses, and hence were disadvantageous in the long run. The other two piles offered smaller short-term gains and a lower risk of loss that result in long-term maximization of the monetary payoff. The results of the present study showed that （1） compared with controls, sensation seeking of internet addicts was higher significantly, and internet addicts showed significantly higher scores on subscales of thrill and adventure seeking, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility, and they selected significantly less net decks in the Iowa Gambling Task. Furthermore, Internet addicts made no progress in selecting strategy along with the time course of the decision making. （2） reaction patterns for pure win-cards were consistent between Internet addicts and con

关 键 词：风险决策 网络成瘾 人格 爱荷华赌博测验 冲动性 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]