盐渍化灌区不同水肥条件向日葵氮磷利用率及淋失规律  

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization of Sunflower and Loss Under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions in Salinization of Irrigation Area

作　　者：郭富强[1,2] 史海滨[1] 杨树青[1] 刘德平[1] 李凤军[1] 石艳秋 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]扎兰屯市水资源管理站,内蒙古呼伦贝尔162650

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第5期39-43,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"河流水环境综合整治技术研究与综合示范主题"(2008ZX07212-004-3);国家自然科学基金项目(50769004);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2010A40060873);内蒙古农业大学科技创新团队资助计划项目

摘　　要：针对内蒙古河套灌区水肥利用率低、土壤盐渍化严重的现状,采用田间试验研究不同处理(常规灌水施肥、节水节氮、常规灌水不施肥)对向日葵产量、株高、生物量、氮肥利用率、磷肥利用率的影响,分析土壤剖面N、P分布情况及田间N、P流失途径、流失量。结果表明,葵花田在当地常规灌水施氮的基础上节氮节水各20%后,向日葵氮的利用率提高了36.15%,流失的氮素显著低于常规灌水施氮处理。因此,试验区具有很大的节氮空间,优化施氮技术应大力推广。氮肥在淋洗过程中大部分会随渗漏液淋失,而磷肥随渗漏液流失量较小。Currently,irrigation and fertilizer utilization rate is low and soil salinization is serious in Inner Mongolia.In view of this situation,by using the field experiment method,the effects of different treatment（conventional irrigation fertilization,nitrogen water saving sections,conventional irrigation without fertilization） on sunflower yield,plant height,biomass,the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were studied,soil N,P distribution and N,P loss way,loss amount in the field were analyzed.Results show that the sunflower fields in local general nitrogen and water-saving irrigation effects of nitrogen application on the basis of section 20%,sunflower N utilization improved 36.15%,the loss of nitrogen was significantly lower than conventional irrigation N treatment.Therefore,the test area has a great nitrogen saving space and the optimizing nitrogen technology should be promoted.Most of the N fertilizer will be lost with leakage liquid leaching in leaching process,but P fertilizer lost through the leakage with small loss amount.

关 键 词：氮磷累积量 利用率 渗漏 流失量 HYDRUS-1D模型 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S143[农业科学—农业工程]