整地时期对东北雨养区土壤含水量及玉米产量的影响  

Impacts of Soil Preparation Period on Soil Water Storage and Corn(Zea mays L.) Yield in Rain-fed Area of Northeast China

作　　者：宋振伟[1] 邓艾兴[1] 郭金瑞[2] 任军[2] 闫孝贡[2] 张卫建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究中心,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第5期254-258,263,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2009CB118601);国家自然科学基金项目(31000693);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14)

摘　　要：以东北雨养区春玉米农田为研究对象,分析春季和秋季2个整地时期对农田土壤含水量、土壤物理性状、土壤养分含量以及玉米产量等的影响。结果表明:秋整地可显著提高玉米产量,与春整地相比增产8.7%(P<0.05)。秋整地处理下土壤水分状况得到显著改善,播种前和苗期耕层土壤(0-20cm)含水量分别比春整地高18.9%和5.6%。整地时期对种子层土壤(0-10cm)的物理特性影响不明显(P>0.05),但秋整地可显著改善10-40cm的根层土壤物理性状,其中土壤孔隙度比春整地平均提高10.0%,而土壤容重则比春整地平均下降11.6%。整地时期对0-40cm层次的土壤硬度和土壤养分含量影响不显著。可见,秋整地主要通过改善土壤物理蓄水性能和减少水分散失提高土壤水分含量,保证较高的成株率和成穗率,进而利于玉米高产稳产。In this study,two treatments of soil preparation periods in spring（ST） and in autumn（AT） were conducted to investigate their impacts on soil water storage,soil physical properties,soil nutrient content and corn yield in rain-fed area of northeast China.Results showed that grain yield was significantly higher by 8.7%（P0.05） in the AT plots than that in the ST plots.The corresponding higher values of soil water contents in the 0-20 cm depth were 18.9% and 5.6% in sown stage and seedling stage,respectively.There was no significant difference between two treatments in soil physical properties in the 0-10 cm layer（P0.05）,whereas AT improved soil physical properties in the 10-40 cm depth significantly.Total soil porosity in the 10-40 cm depth in AT was higher than that in ST by 10.0%.Soil bulk density of 10-40 cm depth in AT was lower than that in ST by 11.6%.There was no significantly difference between two treatments on soil penetration resistance and soil nutrient content in the 0-40 cm depth.Results indicate that soil preparation in autumn can improve the capacity of soil water storage and reduce soil evaporation,resulting in higher soil water content in the topsoil layer.Consequently,soil preparation in autumn can enhance corn yield mainly through increasing seedling survival rate and ear-bearing rate.

关 键 词：土壤耕作时期 土壤理化性质 土壤水分 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S341.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]