“投桃报李”——互惠理论的组织行为学研究述评  

“Give A Plum in Return for A Peach”:A Review of Reciprocity Theory of Organizational Behavior

作　　者：邹文篪[1] 田青[1] 刘佳[2] 

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学行政与管理学院 [2]澳门科技大学通识教育部

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2012年第11期1879-1888,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：澳门基金会项目(MF-U/UH/MIAR/TIS-2011-0184;MF-U/UH/MIAR/TIS-2011-0188)

摘　　要：互惠是一种存在于各种社会文化中的人际交往规范。组织行为学中许多研究都是通过互惠理论来解释变量之间的内部作用机制。文章回顾并讨论了互惠的涵义,不同互惠类型的特点及互惠的测量方式。此外,还论述了不同类型互惠对社会交换方式产生的影响。依据现有的互惠研究成果,分析了互惠发挥影响的内在作用机制是通过:互惠各方的价值观、互惠过程中各方感知到的风险、各方冲突的程度这三种途径来实现的。最后,根据现有互惠理论的研究成果提出该领域的未来发展应从研究设计和研究内容两方面进行扩展。Reciprocity, as a social interaction norm of people, resides in almost every culture. In the research of organizational behavior, reciprocity norm is regarded as the core characteristics of social exchange theory to explain the relationship of different variables in organizational context. In order to make more researchers become acquainted with reciprocity theory and make sense the relationship of social exchange and reciprocity, this study summarized the reciprocity＇s definition, types, measurement and its researching results. It explained the influence of different reciprocal norms on people＇s choice of the way of social exchange. It also analyzed the functional mechanism of reciprocity＇s influence on employee＇s attitude and behavior through salience of conflict, expressive value and risk of nonreciprocity. Finally, it raises future research directions of reciprocity form researching design and content.

关 键 词：社会交换 互惠 广泛互惠 平衡互惠 负面互惠 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]