管道充水水力瞬变模型相似律  被引量:12

Modeling similarity laws for pipe water-filled transients

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作  者:杨开林[1] 郭永鑫[1] 付辉[1] 郭新蕾[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点试验室,北京100038

出  处:《水利学报》2012年第10期1188-1193,1201,共7页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基  金:南水北调办科技项目专项资金(XSH-JSFW-08)

摘  要:管道充水过程是一种非常复杂的水力瞬变过程,水流将经历从无压流变成有压流的流态转换。本文通过分析管道水击与无压非恒定流的模型相似律,证明只要满足管道水击模型相似律,则管道无压非恒定流模型相似律自然满足。在此基础上,对于依靠重力自流充水的管道系统,给出了管道充水模型的相似律、设计方法和实例。实例表明,当管道沿线合理地设置了通气孔时,管道充水的自由液面流动水面气体压力、密度变化非常小,可以视为无压流动,并且当通气孔内风速小于100m/s时,通气孔内气体压强、密度变化微小,可按不可压缩气体考虑。The pipe water-filled process is a complicated hydraulic transient,in which the water flow experiences the transition from the unpressurized unsteady flow to the pressurized flow.Since it is lack of the relevant prototype and model observation data,ones know little on the pipe water-filled process.Based on the investigation of the hydraulic similarity laws,it is proved herein that for a pipe,as long as the pressurized flows in it are hydraulically similar,the unpressurized flows are also sure to hydraulically similar.Furthermore,the design and application of the pipe water-filled model are discussed on a case where the water-filled flows are those by gravity.The pipe water-filled model tests show that the air pressure and density in the pipe change little in water filling when the air vents are positioned reasonably along the pipeline,which means that the free liquid surface flows can be regarded as the unpressurized flows.Meanwhile,when the air velocities in the air vents are less than 100 m/s,the change of the air pressure and density are small and can be neglected in analysis.

关 键 词:管道 充水 水击 无压非恒定流 模型 相似律 

分 类 号:TV134[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]

 

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