权力话语中的高原鼠兔与藏族传统生态知识  

Plateau Pika in the Discourse of Power and Traditional Tibetan Ecological Knowledge

作　　者：范长风[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200241

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期169-177,共9页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科特别委托项目"甘肃青海藏区矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的人类学研究"(项目编号为XZ1113);上海市教委科研项目"三江源矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的人类学研究"(项目编号为12zs042)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1950年代以来,权力话语对高原鼠兔进行了妖魔化建构和大规模毒杀活动。草原退化的根源不在于高原鼠兔,而该物种泛滥成灾是草原退化的结果,生态问题不是科学本身的问题,而是草原使用方式,包括科学手段的使用出了问题。人类的生态认知水平是发展的,又是有限的,研究表明高原鼠兔是青藏高原的"关键物种",其存在意味着生物多样性的维系和生态系统正常生态功能的发挥,故毒杀高原鼠兔只能损害生物多样性,却不能真正解决草原退化问题。藏族传统生态知识(TTEK)蕴含的自然平衡思想和爱惜生命的价值观,可为三江源生态保护提供本土洞见。生态危机的解决需要文化自觉把科学知识体系与藏族地方知识有机整合起来。From 1950s on, the traditional discourse of power has undertaken demonization construction of plateau pika and decimated them. The deterioration of grassland does not result from plateau pika, and catastrophic growth of the plateau pika does result from the deterioration of grassland. Ecological problems are not a problem of science in itself; and it is a problem caused by the modes in which people make use of the grassland, including use of scientific methods. Human ecological cognition is developing and boundless. The study shows that the plateau pika is ＂the essential species＇ of Qing-Zang Plateau, its existence means the maintenance of bio-diversity and working of normal functions of the ecological system. Therefore decimation of the plateau pika will only do great harm to bio-diversity and cannot solve the deterioration of grassland. Traditional Tibetan ecological knowledge （TFEK） contains the idea of natural balance and values of life cherishment, and can offer local insights for ecological protection of the area of 3-river sources. Solution to ecological crisis needs cultural self-awareness to combine scientific knowledge system with local Tibetan knowledge.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 TTEK 生物多样性 权力话语 关键物种 

分 类 号：G03[文化科学]