转基因抗除草剂棉花的创制及产业化前景  

Development and prospect of transgenic herbicide-resistant cotton

作　　者：郭书巧[1] 倪万潮[1] 王庆南[2] 沈新莲[1] 束红梅[1] 张香桂[1] 徐鹏[1] 巩元勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,农业部长江下游棉花和油菜重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2012年第5期943-947,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2010465);国家自然科学基金项目(31101452);转基因重大专项(2011ZX08005-001)

摘　　要：除草剂是现代农业生产体系的重要组分,根据其作用机理,可分为3类:第1类除草剂影响生物合成过程中酶或蛋白质的合成,如草甘膦、草铵膦、磺酰脲类除草剂和咪唑啉酮除草剂;第2类除草剂抑制植物光合作用,如百草枯、溴苯腈、阿特拉津等;第3类除草剂是影响植物生长发育的植物生长调节剂,如2,4-D等。针对除草剂的分子作用机理创制转基因抗除草剂作物,是现代育种学家和生产者追逐的热点之一。近年来,已成功开发出了一大批抗/耐除草剂相关的基因,部分基因已赋予作物抗除草剂特性。本文阐述了棉田常用除草剂的作用机理,以及近年来克隆的抗除草剂基因及其在棉花分子育种中的应用,指出转基因抗除草剂棉花的使用可能会引起杂草对除草剂产生抗性。同时对转基因抗除草剂棉花的发展前景进行了预测。Herbicides are an important tool of modern agricultural production system.According to their mechanisms,herbicides can be divided into three types.The first type is amino acid synthesis inhibitors which inhibit the key proteins or enzymes of biosynthesis in plants,e.g.glyphosate,glufosinate and imidazolinones.The second type is photosynthesis inhibitors which block-up the electronic transferring chain in plant photosynthesis,e.g.paraquat,bromine and atrazine.The third type is plant growth regulators which damage the normal growth and development of plants,e.g.2,4-D.Development of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops has been a hotspot in recent years.A large number of genes related to herbicides-tolerance have been cloned,some of which have offered crops the phenotypic traits of tolerance to herbicides.In this paper,the often used herbicides for cotton and their mechanisms were summarized,and the applications of herbicide-resistant genes cloned in molecular breeding of cotton were listed.It was pointed out that the herbicide selection pressure caused by the use of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops might lead to the tolerant weeds appearance.The promising prospects for the transgenic herbicide-tolerant cotton were predicted as well.

关 键 词：除草剂 棉花 转基因 创制 

分 类 号：S562.035.3[农业科学—作物学]