稻麦两熟制农田稻季温室气体甲烷及养分减排研究  

Mitigation options of methane emission and nutrient losses by surface runoff during rice growing season in a rice-wheat double cropping system

作　　者：郑建初[1] 陈留根[1] 张岳芳[1] 郭智[1] 肖敏[1] 刘红江[1] 王子臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2012年第5期1031-1036,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B12)

摘　　要：本试验研究长江下游稻麦两熟制农田不同土壤耕作方式对稻季甲烷排放的影响及自然降雨条件下稻季氮磷养分径流流失特征,结果表明:不同的土壤耕作方式对水稻生长季甲烷排放总量有显著或极显著影响,表现为麦季免耕+稻季翻耕>麦季免耕+稻季旋耕>麦季翻耕+稻季翻耕>麦季旋耕+稻季翻耕>麦季翻耕+稻季旋耕>麦季旋耕+稻季旋耕,在稻麦两季采用旋耕措施能有效减少稻麦两熟制农田水稻生长季甲烷排放。常规施肥条件下稻田全氮径流流失总量为3.92 kg/hm2、全磷径流流失总量为147.30 g/hm2,全氮、全磷流失率分别为1.45%和0.22%;与常规施肥处理相比,秸秆还田、秸秆还田减肥和氮肥后移处理均可减少稻季氮、磷养分径流流失量。表明,合理农业措施的运用能有效减少稻麦两熟制农田稻季温室气体排放及养分流失。Two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of soil tillage modes on methane emission and characteristics of nutrients losses by surface runoff under natural rainfall conditions,respectively,during rice growing season in an intensive rice-wheat double cropping system in the lower reaches of Yangtze River.The results showed that total methane emissions during paddy season were significantly influenced by soil tillage modes,following the order of no tillage before wheat sowing（NTW）＋plowing before rice transplanting（PTR） NTW＋rotary tillage before rice transplanting（RTR） plowing before wheat sowing（PTW）＋PTR rotary tillage before wheat sowing（RTW）＋PTR PTW＋RTR RTW＋RTR.Annual rotary tillage was one of the effective measures to reduce total methane emissions during paddy season in rice-wheat double cropping system.Under conventional fertilization conditions,the total runoff losses of total nitrogen（TN） and total phosphorus（TP） reached 3.92 kg/hm2and 147.30 g/hm2,respectively,and the rates of nutrients losses reached 1.45% and 0.22%,respectively.In contrast with conventional fertilization treatment,wheat straw returning,wheat straw returning plus fertilizer reduction,and nitrogen fertilizer retruding treatments could effectively reduced TN and TP losses by runoff during the whole rice growing season.These results indicate that rational agronomic measures could reduce methane emission and nutrient losses by surface runoff during rice growing season in a rice-wheat double cropping system.

关 键 词：稻麦两熟 土壤耕作 甲烷排放 径流 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.42[农业科学—土壤学]