不同施肥处理对油菜生物量累积、分配及养分吸收的影响  

Impacts of different fertilizer treatments on biomass accumulation,distribution,and nutrient uptake of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：张辉[1,2] 马洪波[1,2] 朱德进[3] 黄卉[3] 宁运旺[1,2] 张永春[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,江苏南京210014 [3]姜堰市农业局,江苏姜堰225500

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2012年第5期1042-1048,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(10)226];IPNI国际合作项目(JIANGSU-10)

摘　　要：为了研究不同施肥处理对油菜生物量累积、分配及养分吸收的影响,在姜堰市进行大田试验,并设计10个肥料处理:对照(不施肥,CK)、缺氮(PKB)处理、缺磷(NKB)处理、缺钾处理(NPB)、大量营养元素平衡施肥处理(NPK)、大量营养元素平衡施肥+增施硼肥处理(NPKB)、大量营养元素平衡施肥+增施硼、锌肥处理(NPKBZn)、1/2氮肥施用量处理(1/2 N+PKB)、3/2氮肥施用量处理(3/2 N+PKB)、2倍氮肥施用量处理(2 N+PKB)。结果表明:(1)在缺素处理(PKB、NKB、NPB)中,油菜地上部各器官生物量均为PKB处理<NKB处理<NPB处理,茎秆生物量分配比例为PKB处理>NKB处理>NPB处理。(2)在大量营养元素(氮、磷、钾)平衡施肥基础上,增施硼能显著增加茎杆、角壳、籽粒中钾累积量(P<0.05),锌的施入能增加油菜角壳和籽粒的氮、磷累积量。(3)在不同氮肥施用量处理(PKB、1/2 N+PKB、NPKB、3/2 N+PKB、2 N+PKB)下,茎秆生物量随着氮肥施用量的增加而增加;3/2N+PKB处理角壳和籽粒的生物量均最高,而当施氮量继续增加时,角壳和籽粒生物量呈下降趋势;茎秆氮、磷、钾累积量均随着氮肥施用量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),而籽粒氮、磷、钾累积量随着氮肥用量的增加则先增加后趋于稳定。可见,从产量来看,3/2 N+PKB处理的效果最好;而从养分吸收来看,在平衡施肥(NPK)的基础上增施硼肥,能够显著增加油菜茎杆、角壳、籽粒中钾吸收,而继续增施锌肥,则能够促进籽粒氮和磷的吸收。To study the effects of different fertilizer treatments on biomass accumulation,distribution,and nutrient uptake of oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）,a field experiment was conducted in Jiangyan.Oilseed rape was subjected to ten fertilizer treatments,i.e,control（no fertilizer,CK）,nitrogen deficiency treatment（PKB）,phosphorus deficiency treatment（NKB）,potassium deficiency treatment（NPB）,macronutrients balanced fertilizer treatment（NPK）,boron（B） adding treatment（NPKB）,boron and zinc（Zn） adding treatment（NPKBZn）,1/2 nitrogen fertilizer application treatment（1/2 N＋PKB）,3/2 nitrogen fertilizer application（3/2 N＋PKB）,two times nitroger fertilizer application（2 N＋PKB）.The results were showed as follows.In the nutrients shortage treatments,the order of biomass for each aboveground organ was PKB treatmentNKB treatmentNPB treatment,and the distribution of biomass in stem was presented as PKB treatmentNKB treatmentNPB treatment.When boron was added on the basis of NPK application,potassium in stem,shell,and grain significantly increased,and accumulations of nitrogen and phosphorus in shell and grain were improved by adding zinc.In the treatments of PKB,1/2N＋PKB,NPKB,3/2N＋PKB,2N＋PKB,biomass of stem was driven up by the increase of N fertilizer application rate,however,biomass of shell and grain reached the maximum in 3/2 N＋PKB treatment,and showed a downward trend when N application rate continued to increase.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,accumulations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased in stem（P0.05）,and first increased then kept stable in grain.From the perspective of nutrient uptake,application of boron significantly increased potassium accumulations in stem,shell,and grain,and cumulative uptakes of nitrogen and phosphorus in grain were further improved by adding zinc.

关 键 词：油菜 施肥 生物量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S634.306.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]