猪粪沼液施用后土壤理化性状及小麦产量的变化  

Changes of soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield after swine manure or slurry application

作　　者：孙国峰[1,2] 周炜[1,2] 何加骏[1,2] 陈留根[1,2] 郑建初[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2012年第5期1054-1060,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(11)2073]

摘　　要：针对江苏省规模养殖废弃物超排,引起严重环境污染且资源大量浪费的突出问题,进行了猪粪、沼液替代化肥的初步研究。试验选择稻麦两熟制农田,研究了猪粪、沼液施用后麦季土壤无机氮变化特征、小麦产量及土壤理化性状。试验结果表明,麦季耕层土壤无机氮主要以硝态氮形式存在,其硝态氮含量整体呈现以常规施肥、秸秆还田处理最高,沼液处理次之,猪粪处理最低的趋势。小麦收获时,100%猪粪处理较常规施肥处理显著降低了耕层土壤容重(P<0.05),同时显著增加了耕层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效钾含量(P<0.05);而50%猪粪、50%沼液和100%沼液替代化肥处理较常规施肥处理无显著性差异。在小麦产量方面,100%猪粪处理显著低于常规施肥处理(P<0.05),减产了11.2%;50%猪粪、50%沼液和100%沼液替代化肥处理较常规施肥处理未减产。初步研究结果显示,本试验条件下沼液可全量替代化肥;猪粪有机肥可半量替代化肥,不宜全量替代化肥。In order to treat swine breeding waste in Jiangsu province,which may cause serious environment pollution and a massive waste of nutrient resource,field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of swine manure or slurry application combined with chemical fertilizers on inorganic nitrogen contents of soil,bulk density,nutrient and wheat yield during winter wheat reason in the rice-wheat rotation system.The results clearly demonstrated that the soil NO3——N contents were the main components of soil inorganic nitrogen in winter wheat season.And the soil NO3——N contents of chemical fertilizer（NPK） and chemical fertilizer with straw（NPKS） treatments were higher than those of 50% swine slurry（PS） and 100% PS treatments,and the lowest soil NO3——N contents were obtained in 50% swine manure（PM） and 100% PM treatments in the arable soil layer during winter wheat season.Compared with NPK treatment,100%PM treatment significantly reduced the soil bulk density,and increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and rapidly-available potassium in the arable soil layer.However,there was no significant difference in 50% PM,50% PS,100% PS and NPK treatments at harvest.The wheat yield was significantly decreased in 100% PM treatment compared to NPK treatment by 11.2%.The results indicated that swine slurry could replace all the amount in chemical nitrogen fertilizer,while swine manure could replace half of the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer during wheat season.

关 键 词：沼液 猪粪 小麦 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]