草地植被恢复措施对高寒草甸有毒植物的影响  

Effects of grassland vegetation restorations on poisonous plants in alpine meadow

作　　者：魏斌[1] 葛庆征[1] 张灵菲[1] 张燕堃 李娜娜[1] 张卫国[1] 江小雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2012年第11期1665-1670,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203041);国家科技支撑项目(2009BAC53B04);甘肃省科技重大专项"玛曲退化草地主要毒害草防控关键技术体系研究"(092NKDA018)

摘　　要：通过对高寒草甸天然草地实施划破、补播、施肥及综合处理,探讨了不同草地植被恢复措施对高寒草甸有毒植物物种组成、多样性及生物量的影响。结果表明,不同处理草地中,有毒植物的组成及比例差异显著(P<0.05)。与对照相比,补播、划破和施肥均不同程度地降低了群落中有毒植物的物种数和Shannon-Wiener指数(P<0.05),不同处理草地有毒植物物种数和Shannon-Wiener指数排序分别为补播<施肥=综合处理<划破<对照,补播<划破<施肥<对照<综合处理。补播、施肥和综合处理均可有效降低群落中有毒植物的地上生物量(P<0.05),而草地划破在一定程度上增加了有毒植物的地上生物量(P>0.05),不同处理草地有毒植物地上生物量排序为补播<综合处理<施肥<对照<划破。补播形成的垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)单一优势群落使有毒植物物种数、物种多样性及地上生物量均下降到最低值,对于毒杂草型退化草地的改良,草地补播是可供参考的有效恢复措施之一。In order to verify effects of different grassland vegetation restorations on species composition, diversity and biomass of poisonous plants in alpine meadow, the sample plots of natural grassland were imposed with sward ripping, reseeding, fertilization and integrated treatments. The results showed that there were significant differences in species compositions and proportions of poisonous plants in different sample plots （P〈0.05）. Compared with the control, the species number and Shannon-Wiener index of poisonous plants in the communities were reduced significantly by treatments of reseeding, sward ripping and fertilization （P〈0.05）. The order of species number and Shannon-Wiener index of poisonous plants in different sample plots was reseeding〈fertilization=integrated treatments sward ripping 〈 control and rcseeding〈sward ripping〈fertilization〈control〈integrated treatments, respectively. At the same time, reseeding, fertilization and integrated treatments reduced the aboveground biomass of poisonous plants effectively （P〈0.05）, but the sward ripping increased their aboveground biomass （P〉0.05）. The order of aboveground biomass of poisonous plants was reseeding 〈 integrated treatments 〈 fertilization control〈ward ripping. In the reseeding plots, Elymus nutans became a single dominant community so that the species number, diversity index and aboveground biomass of poisonous plants were dropped to the lowest points. Thus, to improve the degraded grassland of noxious and miscellaneous grass type, reseeding is regarded as one of the optimal measures for grassland restoration.

关 键 词：草地恢复措施 有毒植物 Shannon—Wiener指数 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]